PinYin and BoPoMoFo ZhuYin Equivalence.html 53 KB

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  5. <title>PinYin and BoPoMoFo ZhuYin Equivalence</title></head>
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  7. <center><h2>PinYin and BoPoMoFo ZhuYin Equivalence</h2></center>
  8. <hr> <!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
  9. <p>
  10. <b>There is a straight one-to-one correspondence between ZhuYin (BoPoMoFo)
  11. and PinYin (Chinese Romanization)</b>, with the few exceptions listed
  12. at the end of the next table. Despite the usually emotionally
  13. charged arguments (usually by those who do not bother to take the
  14. time to understand the differences across the Taiwan Strait), it
  15. is just a matter of choice of symbols to represent the many
  16. sounds in Chinese. In the following table, BoPoMoFo are coded in
  17. Big5 (because BoPoMoFo is not used in mainland China; thus, the
  18. corresponding GB coding does not contain these symbols). The
  19. table below lists the 37 BoPoMoFo phonetic symbols, along with
  20. the corresponding romanized equivalents. The first half are the
  21. consonants and the second half are the vowels. Note that 8, 9,
  22. and : can be both, and the corresponding PinYin are different.
  23. <p><center><table border=1>
  24. <tr><th colspan=4 align="center">Consonants
  25. <tr><td>� b<td>� p<td>� m<td>� f
  26. <tr><td>� d<td>� t<td>� n<td>� l
  27. <tr><td>� g<td>� k<td colspan=2>� h
  28. <tr><td>! j<td>" q<td colspan=2># x
  29. <tr><td>¥ zh<td>% ch<td>& sh<td>' r
  30. <tr><td>( z<td>) c<td colspan=2>* s
  31. <tr><td>8 y<td>9 w<td colspan=2>: yu
  32. <tr><th colspan=4 align="center">Vowels
  33. <tr><td>8 i<td>9 u<td colspan=2>: u, u:
  34. <tr><td>+ a<td>, o<td>- e<td>. e, e^
  35. <tr><td>/ ai<td>0 ei<td>1 au<td>2 ou
  36. <tr><td>3 an<td>4 en<td>5 ang<td>6 eng
  37. <tr><td colspan=4>7 er, r
  38. </table></center>
  39. <p>
  40. Exceptions for some vowels (but not consonants):
  41. <ul>
  42. <li>i and ou (82) combine to iu (e.g., 啡 liu)
  43. <li>i and en (84) combine to in (e.g., 狶 lin)
  44. <li>i and eng (86) combine to ing (e.g., � ling)
  45. <li>u and ei (90) combine to ui (e.g., 瘤 sui)
  46. <li>u and en (94) combine to un (e.g., 甝 sun)
  47. <li>u and eng (96) combine to ong (e.g., 猀 song)
  48. <li>u and en (:4) combine to un (e.g., � jun)
  49. <li>u and eng (:6) combine to iong (e.g., ノ yong or た xiong)
  50. <li>er (7) at the end of a character becomes just r.
  51. <li>Note that "u" stands for both wu (9) and yu (:), usually without any
  52. confusion. Exceptions are in combination with consonants "l" and "n"
  53. where a distinction needs to be made (隔 lu and 厚 lu:) (ィ nu and � nu:)
  54. (In some pinyin input methods, we spell lu: and nu: instead with accent characters
  55. l&uuml; and n&uuml; or with non-accent characters lyu and nyu.)
  56. <li>Note that "e" stands for both - and ., usually without any confusion.
  57. The only exception is when . is used alone as in 銶; in that case spell e^.
  58. </ul>
  59. One more exception to the rule for ZhuYin symbols that can stand alone:
  60. <ul>
  61. <li>In ZhuYin, 8, 9, and : can stand alone.
  62. In PinYin, combine the consonant and vowel, i.e.,
  63. yi, wu, and yu, respectively.
  64. <li>In ZhuYin, ¥, %, &, ', (, ), and * can stand alone. In PinYin,
  65. append "i" i.e., zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ci, and si, respectively.
  66. </ul>
  67. The above are <b>all</b> the rules and exceptions to the rules. Period.
  68. Lastly, we indicate the tone by appending 1, 2, 3, 4, or 0
  69. (e.g., wang2 nan2 xin1, which is my name).
  70. <p>
  71. The following table contains a complete set of all valid sounds
  72. in Mandarin, and BoPoMoFo, pinyin, etc. are the different ways
  73. of expressing the various sounds. The Big5 and GB characters in
  74. the table are only representative characters with that
  75. pronunciation. Many Chinese characters share an identical
  76. pronunciation. Conversely, there are sometimes multiple
  77. pronunciations for the same character. Note that many
  78. combinations of the consonants and vowels (e.g., "bui") are
  79. missing in Mandarin Chinese, unless you speak with a very strange
  80. accent or unless you are imitating the sounds of animals. One
  81. single font will not display the next table correctly; you need
  82. to switch fonts to view this page in Big5 (present setting), <a
  83. href="pinyingb.htm">GB</a>, and <a href="pinyinhz.htm">HZ</a>
  84. codes (which
  85. you accomplish, for example, in Internet Explorer through the menu |View|Encoding|.
  86. <p>
  87. <table border=1>
  88. <tr><th>Big5</th><th>GB</th><th>HZ</th><th>ZhuYin</th><th>PinYin</th><th>Wade</th><th>Yale</th></tr>
  89. <tr><td>摆</td><td>啊</td><td>_ </td><td>+ </td><td>A </td><td>A </td><td>A </td></tr>
  90. <tr><td>玸</td><td>哀</td><td>~{0'~}</td><td>/ </td><td>Ai </td><td>Ai </td><td>Ai </td></tr>
  91. <tr><td>�</td><td>安</td><td>~{02~}</td><td>3 </td><td>An </td><td>An </td><td>An </td></tr>
  92. <tr><td>魂</td><td>肮</td><td>~{09~}</td><td>5 </td><td>Ang </td><td>Ang </td><td>Ang </td></tr>
  93. <tr><td>减</td><td>熬</td><td>_ </td><td>1 </td><td>Ao </td><td>Ao </td><td>Ao </td></tr>
  94. <tr><td>�</td><td>八</td><td>~{0K~}</td><td>�+ </td><td>Ba </td><td>Pa </td><td>Ba </td></tr>
  95. <tr><td>フ</td><td>白</td><td>~{0W~}</td><td>�/ </td><td>Bai </td><td>Pai </td><td>Bai </td></tr>
  96. <tr><td>ф</td><td>扳</td><td>~{0b~}</td><td>�3 </td><td>Ban </td><td>Pan </td><td>Ban </td></tr>
  97. <tr><td>ü</td><td>邦</td><td>~{0n~}</td><td>�5 </td><td>Bang </td><td>Pang </td><td>Bang </td></tr>
  98. <tr><td>�</td><td>包</td><td>~{0|~}</td><td>�1 </td><td>Bao </td><td>Pao </td><td>Bau </td></tr>
  99. <tr><td>�</td><td>卑</td><td>~{10~}</td><td>�0 </td><td>Bei </td><td>Pei </td><td>Bei </td></tr>
  100. <tr><td>゜</td><td>奔</td><td>~{1<~}</td><td>�4 </td><td>Ben </td><td>Pen </td><td>Ben </td></tr>
  101. <tr><td>盰</td><td>崩</td><td>~{1@~}</td><td>�6 </td><td>Beng </td><td>Peng </td><td>Beng </td></tr>
  102. <tr><td>笹</td><td>逼</td><td>~{1F~}</td><td>�8 </td><td>Bi </td><td>Pi </td><td>Bi </td></tr>
  103. <tr><td>絪</td><td>编</td><td>~{1`~}</td><td>�83</td><td>Bian </td><td>Pien </td><td>Byan </td></tr>
  104. <tr><td>矯</td><td>彪</td><td>~{1k~}</td><td>�81</td><td>Biao </td><td>Piao </td><td>Byau </td></tr>
  105. <tr><td>啪</td><td>鳖</td><td>~{1n~}</td><td>�8.</td><td>Bie </td><td>Pieh </td><td>Bye </td></tr>
  106. <tr><td>眑</td><td>彬</td><td>~{1r~}</td><td>�84</td><td>Bin </td><td>Pin </td><td>Bin </td></tr>
  107. <tr><td>�</td><td>冰</td><td>~{1y~}</td><td>�86</td><td>Bing </td><td>Ping </td><td>Bing </td></tr>
  108. <tr><td>猧</td><td>波</td><td>~{2(~}</td><td>�, </td><td>Bo </td><td>Po </td><td>Bwo </td></tr>
  109. <tr><td>ぃ</td><td>不</td><td>~{2;~}</td><td>�9 </td><td>Bu </td><td>Pu </td><td>Bu </td></tr>
  110. <tr><td>揽</td><td>擦</td><td>~{2A~}</td><td>)+ </td><td>Ca </td><td>Ts'a </td><td>Tsa </td></tr>
  111. <tr><td>瞦</td><td>猜</td><td>~{2B~}</td><td>)/ </td><td>Cai </td><td>Ts'ai </td><td>Tsai </td></tr>
  112. <tr><td>把</td><td>参</td><td>~{2N~}</td><td>)3 </td><td>Can </td><td>Ts'an </td><td>Tsan </td></tr>
  113. <tr><td>�</td><td>仓</td><td>~{2V~}</td><td>)5 </td><td>Cang </td><td>Ts'ang </td><td>Tsang </td></tr>
  114. <tr><td>巨</td><td>操</td><td>~{2Y~}</td><td>)1 </td><td>Cao </td><td>Ts'ao </td><td>Tsau </td></tr>
  115. <tr><td>�</td><td>册</td><td>~{2a~}</td><td>)- </td><td>Ce </td><td>Ts'e </td><td>Tse </td></tr>
  116. <tr><td>�</td><td>岑</td><td>~{a/~}</td><td>)4 </td><td>Cen </td><td>Ts'en </td><td>Tsen </td></tr>
  117. <tr><td>纯</td><td>曾</td><td>~{Tx~}</td><td>)6 </td><td>Ceng </td><td>Ts'eng </td><td>Tseng </td></tr>
  118. <tr><td>�</td><td>叉</td><td>~{2f~}</td><td>%+ </td><td>Cha </td><td>Ch'a </td><td>Cha </td></tr>
  119. <tr><td>╊</td><td>拆</td><td>~{2p~}</td><td>%/ </td><td>Chai </td><td>Ch'ai </td><td>Chai </td></tr>
  120. <tr><td>篣</td><td>掺</td><td>~{2t~}</td><td>%3 </td><td>Chan </td><td>Ch'an </td><td>Chan </td></tr>
  121. <tr><td>�</td><td>昌</td><td>~{2}~}</td><td>%5 </td><td>Chang </td><td>Ch'ang </td><td>Chang </td></tr>
  122. <tr><td>�</td><td>吵</td><td>~{33~}</td><td>%1 </td><td>Chao </td><td>Ch'ao </td><td>Chau </td></tr>
  123. <tr><td>ó</td><td>车</td><td>~{35~}</td><td>%- </td><td>Che </td><td>Ch'e </td><td>Che </td></tr>
  124. <tr><td>礰</td><td>琛</td><td>~{h!~}</td><td>%4 </td><td>Chen </td><td>Ch'en </td><td>Chen </td></tr>
  125. <tr><td>嘿</td><td>称</td><td>~{3F~}</td><td>%6 </td><td>Cheng </td><td>Ch'eng </td><td>Cheng </td></tr>
  126. <tr><td>�</td><td>吃</td><td>~{3T~}</td><td>% </td><td>Chi </td><td>Ch'ih </td><td>Chr </td></tr>
  127. <tr><td>�</td><td>充</td><td>~{3d~}</td><td>%96</td><td>Chong </td><td>Ch'ung </td><td>Chung </td></tr>
  128. <tr><td>┾</td><td>抽</td><td>~{3i~}</td><td>%2 </td><td>Chou </td><td>Ch'ou </td><td>Chou </td></tr>
  129. <tr><td>�</td><td>出</td><td>~{3v~}</td><td>%9 </td><td>Chu </td><td>Ch'u </td><td>Chu </td></tr>
  130. <tr><td>储</td><td>揣</td><td>~{4'~}</td><td>%9/</td><td>Chuai </td><td>Ch'uai </td><td>Chwai </td></tr>
  131. <tr><td>�</td><td>川</td><td>~{4(~}</td><td>%93</td><td>Chuan </td><td>Ch'uan </td><td>Chwan </td></tr>
  132. <tr><td>承</td><td>创</td><td>~{44~}</td><td>%95</td><td>Chuang</td><td>Ch'uang</td><td>Chwang</td></tr>
  133. <tr><td>�</td><td>吹</td><td>~{45~}</td><td>%90</td><td>Chui </td><td>Ch'ui </td><td>Chwei </td></tr>
  134. <tr><td>琄</td><td>春</td><td>~{4:~}</td><td>%94</td><td>Chun </td><td>Ch'un </td><td>Chwun </td></tr>
  135. <tr><td>猴</td><td>绰</td><td>~{4B~}</td><td>%9,</td><td>Chuo </td><td>Ch'o </td><td>Chwo </td></tr>
  136. <tr><td>搏</td><td>疵</td><td>~{4C~}</td><td>) </td><td>Ci </td><td>Tz'u </td><td>Tsz </td></tr>
  137. <tr><td>�</td><td>匆</td><td>~{4R~}</td><td>)96</td><td>Cong </td><td>Ts'ung </td><td>Tsung </td></tr>
  138. <tr><td>彩</td><td>粗</td><td>~{4V~}</td><td>)9 </td><td>Cu </td><td>Ts'u </td><td>Tsu </td></tr>
  139. <tr><td>芦</td><td>窜</td><td>~{4\~}</td><td>)93</td><td>Cuan </td><td>Ts'uan </td><td>Tswan </td></tr>
  140. <tr><td>盳</td><td>崔</td><td>~{4^~}</td><td>)90</td><td>Cui </td><td>Ts'ui </td><td>Tswei </td></tr>
  141. <tr><td>�</td><td>村</td><td>~{4e~}</td><td>)94</td><td>Cun </td><td>Ts'un </td><td>Tswun </td></tr>
  142. <tr><td>技</td><td>撮</td><td>~{4i~}</td><td>)9,</td><td>Cuo </td><td>Ts'o </td><td>Tswo </td></tr>
  143. <tr><td>氮</td><td>答</td><td>~{4p~}</td><td>�+ </td><td>Da </td><td>Ta </td><td>Da </td></tr>
  144. <tr><td>�</td><td>呆</td><td>~{4t~}</td><td>�/ </td><td>Dai </td><td>Tai </td><td>Dai </td></tr>
  145. <tr><td>う</td><td>丹</td><td>~{5$~}</td><td>�3 </td><td>Dan </td><td>Tan </td><td>Dan </td></tr>
  146. <tr><td>讽</td><td>当</td><td>~{51~}</td><td>�5 </td><td>Dang </td><td>Tang </td><td>Dang </td></tr>
  147. <tr><td>�</td><td>刀</td><td>~{56~}</td><td>�1 </td><td>Dao </td><td>Tao </td><td>Dau </td></tr>
  148. <tr><td>眔</td><td>得</td><td>~{5C~}</td><td>�- </td><td>De </td><td>Te </td><td>De </td></tr>
  149. <tr><td>眔</td><td>得</td><td>~{5C~}</td><td>�0 </td><td>Dei </td><td>Tei </td><td>Dei </td></tr>
  150. <tr><td>祅</td><td>登</td><td>~{5G~}</td><td>�6 </td><td>Deng </td><td>Teng </td><td>Deng </td></tr>
  151. <tr><td>�</td><td>低</td><td>~{5M~}</td><td>�8 </td><td>Di </td><td>Ti </td><td>Di </td></tr>
  152. <tr><td>房</td><td>滇</td><td>~{5a~}</td><td>�83</td><td>Dian </td><td>Tien </td><td>Dyan </td></tr>
  153. <tr><td>�</td><td>刁</td><td>~{5s~}</td><td>�81</td><td>Diao </td><td>Tiao </td><td>Dyau </td></tr>
  154. <tr><td>疪</td><td>爹</td><td>~{5y~}</td><td>�8.</td><td>Die </td><td>Tieh </td><td>Dye </td></tr>
  155. <tr><td>�</td><td>丁</td><td>~{6!~}</td><td>�86</td><td>Ding </td><td>Ting </td><td>Ding </td></tr>
  156. <tr><td>メ</td><td>丢</td><td>~{6*~}</td><td>�82</td><td>Diu </td><td>Tiu </td><td>Dyou </td></tr>
  157. <tr><td>�</td><td>冬</td><td>~{6,~}</td><td>�96</td><td>Dong </td><td>Tung </td><td>Dung </td></tr>
  158. <tr><td>奥</td><td>兜</td><td>~{65~}</td><td>�2 </td><td>Dou </td><td>Tou </td><td>Dou </td></tr>
  159. <tr><td>服</td><td>督</td><td>~{6=~}</td><td>�9 </td><td>Du </td><td>Tu </td><td>Du </td></tr>
  160. <tr><td>狠</td><td>端</td><td>~{6K~}</td><td>�93</td><td>Duan </td><td>Tuan </td><td>Dwan </td></tr>
  161. <tr><td>帮</td><td>堆</td><td>~{6Q~}</td><td>�90</td><td>Dui </td><td>Tui </td><td>Dwei </td></tr>
  162. <tr><td>窗</td><td>敦</td><td>~{6X~}</td><td>�94</td><td>Dun </td><td>Tun </td><td>Dwun </td></tr>
  163. <tr><td>�</td><td>多</td><td>~{6`~}</td><td>�9,</td><td>Duo </td><td>To </td><td>Dwo </td></tr>
  164. <tr><td>銶</td><td>诶</td><td>_ </td><td>. </td><td>E </td><td>E </td><td>E </td></tr>
  165. <tr><td>甖</td><td>娥</td><td>~{6p~}</td><td>- </td><td>E </td><td>E </td><td>E </td></tr>
  166. <tr><td>銶</td><td>诶</td><td>_ </td><td>0 </td><td>Ei </td><td>Ei </td><td>Ei </td></tr>
  167. <tr><td>�</td><td>恩</td><td>~{6w~}</td><td>4 </td><td>En </td><td>En </td><td>En </td></tr>
  168. <tr><td>瘼</td><td>ㄥ</td><td>_ </td><td>6 </td><td>Eng </td><td>Eng </td><td>Eng </td></tr>
  169. <tr><td>ㄠ</td><td>儿</td><td>~{6y~}</td><td>7 </td><td>Er </td><td>Erh </td><td>Er </td></tr>
  170. <tr><td>ワ</td><td>伐</td><td>~{7%~}</td><td>�+ </td><td>Fa </td><td>Fa </td><td>Fa </td></tr>
  171. <tr><td>は</td><td>反</td><td>~{74~}</td><td>�3 </td><td>Fan </td><td>Fan </td><td>Fan </td></tr>
  172. <tr><td>よ</td><td>方</td><td>~{7=~}</td><td>�5 </td><td>Fang </td><td>Fang </td><td>Fang </td></tr>
  173. <tr><td>�</td><td>妃</td><td>~{ez~}</td><td>�0 </td><td>Fei </td><td>Fei </td><td>Fei </td></tr>
  174. <tr><td>だ</td><td>分</td><td>~{7V~}</td><td>�4 </td><td>Fen </td><td>Fen </td><td>Fen </td></tr>
  175. <tr><td>ぅ</td><td>丰</td><td>~{7a~}</td><td>�6 </td><td>Feng </td><td>Feng </td><td>Feng </td></tr>
  176. <tr><td>︱</td><td>佛</td><td>~{7p~}</td><td>�, </td><td>Fo </td><td>Fo </td><td>Fwo </td></tr>
  177. <tr><td>疊</td><td>浮</td><td>~{8!~}</td><td>�2 </td><td>Fou </td><td>Fou </td><td>Fou </td></tr>
  178. <tr><td>げ</td><td>仆</td><td>~{FM~}</td><td>�9 </td><td>Fu </td><td>Fu </td><td>Fu </td></tr>
  179. <tr><td>Ъ</td><td>尬</td><td>~{^N~}</td><td>�+ </td><td>Ga </td><td>Ka </td><td>Ga </td></tr>
  180. <tr><td>�</td><td>垓</td><td>~{[r~}</td><td>�/ </td><td>Gai </td><td>Kai </td><td>Gai </td></tr>
  181. <tr><td>�</td><td>干</td><td>~{8I~}</td><td>�3 </td><td>Gan </td><td>Kan </td><td>Gan </td></tr>
  182. <tr><td>ぎ</td><td>亢</td><td>~{?:~}</td><td>�5 </td><td>Gang </td><td>Kang </td><td>Gang </td></tr>
  183. <tr><td>蔼</td><td>高</td><td>~{8_~}</td><td>�1 </td><td>Gao </td><td>Kao </td><td>Gau </td></tr>
  184. <tr><td>む</td><td>戈</td><td>~{8j~}</td><td>�- </td><td>Ge </td><td>Ke </td><td>Ge </td></tr>
  185. <tr><td>倒</td><td>给</td><td>~{8x~}</td><td>�0 </td><td>Gei </td><td>Kei </td><td>Gei </td></tr>
  186. <tr><td>�</td><td>根</td><td>~{8y~}</td><td>�4 </td><td>Gen </td><td>Ken </td><td>Gen </td></tr>
  187. <tr><td>�</td><td>耕</td><td>~{8{~}</td><td>�6 </td><td>Geng </td><td>Keng </td><td>Geng </td></tr>
  188. <tr><td>�</td><td>工</td><td>~{9$~}</td><td>�96</td><td>Gong </td><td>Kung </td><td>Gung </td></tr>
  189. <tr><td>つ</td><td>勾</td><td>~{94~}</td><td>�2 </td><td>Gou </td><td>Kou </td><td>Gou </td></tr>
  190. <tr><td>︳</td><td>估</td><td>~{9@~}</td><td>�9 </td><td>Gu </td><td>Ku </td><td>Gu </td></tr>
  191. <tr><td>ナ</td><td>瓜</td><td>~{9O~}</td><td>�9+</td><td>Gua </td><td>Kua </td><td>Gwa </td></tr>
  192. <tr><td>�</td><td>乖</td><td>~{9T~}</td><td>�9/</td><td>Guai </td><td>Kuai </td><td>Gwai </td></tr>
  193. <tr><td>﹛</td><td>官</td><td>~{9Y~}</td><td>�93</td><td>Guan </td><td>Kuan </td><td>Gwan </td></tr>
  194. <tr><td>�</td><td>光</td><td>~{9b~}</td><td>�95</td><td>Guang </td><td>Kuang </td><td>Gwang </td></tr>
  195. <tr><td>�</td><td>圭</td><td>~{9g~}</td><td>�90</td><td>Gui </td><td>Kuei </td><td>Gwei </td></tr>
  196. <tr><td>簎</td><td>滚</td><td>~{9v~}</td><td>�94</td><td>Gun </td><td>Kun </td><td>Gwun </td></tr>
  197. <tr><td>尝</td><td>郭</td><td>~{9y~}</td><td>�9,</td><td>Guo </td><td>Kuo </td><td>Gwo </td></tr>
  198. <tr><td>�</td><td>哈</td><td>~{9~~}</td><td>�+ </td><td>Ha </td><td>Ha </td><td>Ha </td></tr>
  199. <tr><td>�</td><td>孩</td><td>~{:"~}</td><td>�/ </td><td>Hai </td><td>Hai </td><td>Hai </td></tr>
  200. <tr><td>秓</td><td>酣</td><td>~{:(~}</td><td>�3 </td><td>Han </td><td>Han </td><td>Han </td></tr>
  201. <tr><td>蓂</td><td>夯</td><td>~{:;~}</td><td>�5 </td><td>Hang </td><td>Hang </td><td>Hang </td></tr>
  202. <tr><td>愧</td><td>壕</td><td>~{:>~}</td><td>�1 </td><td>Hao </td><td>Hao </td><td>Hau </td></tr>
  203. <tr><td>�</td><td>呵</td><td>~{:G~}</td><td>�- </td><td>He </td><td>He </td><td>He </td></tr>
  204. <tr><td>堵</td><td>黑</td><td>~{:Z~}</td><td>�0 </td><td>Hei </td><td>Hei </td><td>Hei </td></tr>
  205. <tr><td>勃</td><td>痕</td><td>~{:[~}</td><td>�4 </td><td>Hen </td><td>Hen </td><td>Hen </td></tr>
  206. <tr><td>﹄</td><td>亨</td><td>~{:`~}</td><td>�6 </td><td>Heng </td><td>Heng </td><td>Heng </td></tr>
  207. <tr><td>�</td><td>哄</td><td>~{:e~}</td><td>�96</td><td>Hong </td><td>Hung </td><td>Hung </td></tr>
  208. <tr><td>獼</td><td>侯</td><td>~{:n~}</td><td>�2 </td><td>Hou </td><td>Hou </td><td>Hou </td></tr>
  209. <tr><td>�</td><td>乎</td><td>~{:u~}</td><td>�9 </td><td>Hu </td><td>Hu </td><td>Hu </td></tr>
  210. <tr><td>て</td><td>化</td><td>~{;/~}</td><td>�9+</td><td>Hua </td><td>Hua </td><td>Hwa </td></tr>
  211. <tr><td>�</td><td>徊</td><td>~{;2~}</td><td>�9/</td><td>Huai </td><td>Huai </td><td>Hwai </td></tr>
  212. <tr><td>舧</td><td>欢</td><td>~{;6~}</td><td>�93</td><td>Huan </td><td>Huan </td><td>Hwan </td></tr>
  213. <tr><td>╳</td><td>肓</td><td>~{kA~}</td><td>�95</td><td>Huang </td><td>Huang </td><td>Hwang </td></tr>
  214. <tr><td>η</td><td>灰</td><td>~{;R~}</td><td>�90</td><td>Hui </td><td>Hui </td><td>Hwei </td></tr>
  215. <tr><td>�</td><td>昏</td><td>~{;h~}</td><td>�94</td><td>Hun </td><td>Hun </td><td>Hwun </td></tr>
  216. <tr><td>僚</td><td>豁</td><td>~{;m~}</td><td>�9,</td><td>Huo </td><td>Huo </td><td>Hwo </td></tr>
  217. <tr><td>�</td><td>几</td><td>~{<8~}</td><td>!8 </td><td>Ji </td><td>Chi </td><td>Ji </td></tr>
  218. <tr><td>�</td><td>加</td><td>~{<S~}</td><td>!8+</td><td>Jia </td><td>Chia </td><td>Jya </td></tr>
  219. <tr><td>�</td><td>奸</td><td>~{<i~}</td><td>!83</td><td>Jian </td><td>Chien </td><td>Jyan </td></tr>
  220. <tr><td>�</td><td>江</td><td>~{=-~}</td><td>!85</td><td>Jiang </td><td>Chiang </td><td>Jyang </td></tr>
  221. <tr><td>ユ</td><td>交</td><td>~{=;~}</td><td>!81</td><td>Jiao </td><td>Chiao </td><td>Jyau </td></tr>
  222. <tr><td>�</td><td>皆</td><td>~{=T~}</td><td>!8.</td><td>Jie </td><td>Chieh </td><td>Jye </td></tr>
  223. <tr><td>�</td><td>巾</td><td>~{=m~}</td><td>!84</td><td>Jin </td><td>Chin </td><td>Jin </td></tr>
  224. <tr><td>ㄊ</td><td>京</td><td>~{>)~}</td><td>!86</td><td>Jing </td><td>Ching </td><td>Jing </td></tr>
  225. <tr><td>祣</td><td>窘</td><td>~{>=~}</td><td>!:6</td><td>Jiong </td><td>Chiung </td><td>Jyung </td></tr>
  226. <tr><td>�</td><td>九</td><td>~{>E~}</td><td>!82</td><td>Jiu </td><td>Chiu </td><td>Jyou </td></tr>
  227. <tr><td>﹡</td><td>居</td><td>~{>S~}</td><td>!: </td><td>Ju </td><td>Chu: </td><td>Jyu </td></tr>
  228. <tr><td>甋</td><td>娟</td><td>~{>j~}</td><td>!:3</td><td>Juan </td><td>Chuan: </td><td>Jywan </td></tr>
  229. <tr><td>�</td><td>孓</td><td>~{f^~}</td><td>!:.</td><td>Jue </td><td>Chueh: </td><td>Jywe </td></tr>
  230. <tr><td>�</td><td>君</td><td>~{>}~}</td><td>!:4</td><td>Jun </td><td>Chun: </td><td>Jyun </td></tr>
  231. <tr><td>�</td><td>卡</td><td>~{?(~}</td><td>�+ </td><td>Ka </td><td>K'a </td><td>Ka </td></tr>
  232. <tr><td>秨</td><td>开</td><td>~{?*~}</td><td>�/ </td><td>Kai </td><td>K'ai </td><td>Kai </td></tr>
  233. <tr><td>�</td><td>刊</td><td>~{?/~}</td><td>�3 </td><td>Kan </td><td>K'an </td><td>Kan </td></tr>
  234. <tr><td>眃</td><td>康</td><td>~{?5~}</td><td>�5 </td><td>Kang </td><td>K'ang </td><td>Kang </td></tr>
  235. <tr><td>σ</td><td>考</td><td>~{?<~}</td><td>�1 </td><td>Kao </td><td>K'ao </td><td>Kau </td></tr>
  236. <tr><td>ㄨ</td><td>刻</td><td>~{?L~}</td><td>�- </td><td>Ke </td><td>K'e </td><td>Ke </td></tr>
  237. <tr><td>�</td><td>肯</td><td>~{?O~}</td><td>�4 </td><td>Ken </td><td>K'en </td><td>Ken </td></tr>
  238. <tr><td>�</td><td>坑</td><td>~{?S~}</td><td>�6 </td><td>Keng </td><td>K'eng </td><td>Keng </td></tr>
  239. <tr><td>�</td><td>空</td><td>~{?U~}</td><td>�96</td><td>Kong </td><td>K'ung </td><td>Kung </td></tr>
  240. <tr><td>�</td><td>口</td><td>~{?Z~}</td><td>�2 </td><td>Kou </td><td>K'ou </td><td>Kou </td></tr>
  241. <tr><td>琝</td><td>枯</td><td>~{?]~}</td><td>�9 </td><td>Ku </td><td>K'u </td><td>Ku </td></tr>
  242. <tr><td>�</td><td>夸</td><td>~{?d~}</td><td>�9+</td><td>Kua </td><td>K'ua </td><td>Kwa </td></tr>
  243. <tr><td>е</td><td>快</td><td>~{?l~}</td><td>�9/</td><td>Kuai </td><td>K'uai </td><td>Kwai </td></tr>
  244. <tr><td>糴</td><td>宽</td><td>~{?m~}</td><td>�93</td><td>Kuan </td><td>K'uan </td><td>Kwan </td></tr>
  245. <tr><td>�</td><td>匡</td><td>~{?o~}</td><td>�95</td><td>Kuang </td><td>K'uang </td><td>Kwang </td></tr>
  246. <tr><td>帛</td><td>盔</td><td>~{?x~}</td><td>�90</td><td>Kui </td><td>K'uei </td><td>Kwei </td></tr>
  247. <tr><td>�</td><td>坤</td><td>~{@$~}</td><td>�94</td><td>Kun </td><td>K'un </td><td>Kwun </td></tr>
  248. <tr><td>珹</td><td>括</td><td>~{@(~}</td><td>�9,</td><td>Kuo </td><td>K'uo </td><td>Kwo </td></tr>
  249. <tr><td>┰</td><td>拉</td><td>~{@-~}</td><td>�+ </td><td>La </td><td>La </td><td>La </td></tr>
  250. <tr><td>ㄓ</td><td>来</td><td>~{@4~}</td><td>�/ </td><td>Lai </td><td>Lai </td><td>Lai </td></tr>
  251. <tr><td>褒</td><td>婪</td><td>~{@7~}</td><td>�3 </td><td>Lan </td><td>Lan </td><td>Lan </td></tr>
  252. <tr><td>�</td><td>郎</td><td>~{@I~}</td><td>�5 </td><td>Lang </td><td>Lang </td><td>Lang </td></tr>
  253. <tr><td>即</td><td>捞</td><td>~{@L~}</td><td>�1 </td><td>Lao </td><td>Lao </td><td>Lau </td></tr>
  254. <tr><td>扒</td><td>勒</td><td>~{@U~}</td><td>�- </td><td>Le </td><td>Le </td><td>Le </td></tr>
  255. <tr><td>瞈</td><td>泪</td><td>~{@a~}</td><td>�0 </td><td>Lei </td><td>Lei </td><td>Lei </td></tr>
  256. <tr><td>磆</td><td>愣</td><td>~{c6~}</td><td>�6 </td><td>Leng </td><td>Leng </td><td>Leng </td></tr>
  257. <tr><td>�</td><td>哩</td><td>~{A(~}</td><td>�8 </td><td>Li </td><td>Li </td><td>Li </td></tr>
  258. <tr><td>�</td><td>俩</td><td>~{A)~}</td><td>�8+</td><td>Lia </td><td>Lia </td><td>Lya </td></tr>
  259. <tr><td>硈</td><td>连</td><td>~{A,~}</td><td>�83</td><td>Lian </td><td>Lien </td><td>Lyan </td></tr>
  260. <tr><td>▆</td><td>良</td><td>~{A<~}</td><td>�85</td><td>Liang </td><td>Liang </td><td>Lyang </td></tr>
  261. <tr><td>己</td><td>撩</td><td>~{AC~}</td><td>�81</td><td>Liao </td><td>Liao </td><td>Lyau </td></tr>
  262. <tr><td>�</td><td>咧</td><td>~{_V~}</td><td>�8.</td><td>Lie </td><td>Lieh </td><td>Lye </td></tr>
  263. <tr><td>狶</td><td>林</td><td>~{AV~}</td><td>�84</td><td>Lin </td><td>Lin </td><td>Lin </td></tr>
  264. <tr><td>�</td><td>令</td><td>~{An~}</td><td>�86</td><td>Ling </td><td>Ling </td><td>Ling </td></tr>
  265. <tr><td>啡</td><td>溜</td><td>~{Ao~}</td><td>�82</td><td>Liu </td><td>Liu </td><td>Lyou </td></tr>
  266. <tr><td>订</td><td>隆</td><td>~{B!~}</td><td>�96</td><td>Long </td><td>Lung </td><td>Lung </td></tr>
  267. <tr><td>篛</td><td>搂</td><td>~{B'~}</td><td>�2 </td><td>Lou </td><td>Lou </td><td>Lou </td></tr>
  268. <tr><td>縞</td><td>卢</td><td>~{B,~}</td><td>�9 </td><td>Lu </td><td>Lu </td><td>Lu </td></tr>
  269. <tr><td>舝</td><td>峦</td><td>~{BM~}</td><td>�93</td><td>Luan </td><td>Luan </td><td>Lwan </td></tr>
  270. <tr><td>卑</td><td>掠</td><td>~{BS~}</td><td>�:.</td><td>Lue: </td><td>Lueh: </td><td>Lywe </td></tr>
  271. <tr><td>绷</td><td>抡</td><td>~{BU~}</td><td>�94</td><td>Lun </td><td>Lun </td><td>Lwun </td></tr>
  272. <tr><td>舘</td><td>罗</td><td>~{B^~}</td><td>�9,</td><td>Luo </td><td>Luo </td><td>Lwo </td></tr>
  273. <tr><td>洱</td><td>妈</td><td>~{Bh~}</td><td>�+ </td><td>Ma </td><td>Ma </td><td>Ma </td></tr>
  274. <tr><td>甀</td><td>埋</td><td>~{Bq~}</td><td>�/ </td><td>Mai </td><td>Mai </td><td>Mai </td></tr>
  275. <tr><td>鮋</td><td>颟</td><td>~{r)~}</td><td>�3 </td><td>Man </td><td>Man </td><td>Man </td></tr>
  276. <tr><td>Γ</td><td>忙</td><td>~{C&~}</td><td>�5 </td><td>Mang </td><td>Mang </td><td>Mang </td></tr>
  277. <tr><td>窟</td><td>猫</td><td>~{C(~}</td><td>�1 </td><td>Mao </td><td>Mao </td><td>Mau </td></tr>
  278. <tr><td>⊿</td><td>没</td><td>~{C;~}</td><td>�0 </td><td>Mei </td><td>Mei </td><td>Mei </td></tr>
  279. <tr><td>磂</td><td>闷</td><td>~{CF~}</td><td>�4 </td><td>Men </td><td>Men </td><td>Men </td></tr>
  280. <tr><td>茅</td><td>蒙</td><td>~{CI~}</td><td>�6 </td><td>Meng </td><td>Meng </td><td>Meng </td></tr>
  281. <tr><td>珆</td><td>咪</td><td>~{_d~}</td><td>�8 </td><td>Mi </td><td>Mi </td><td>Mi </td></tr>
  282. <tr><td>痸</td><td>眠</td><td>~{C_~}</td><td>�83</td><td>Mian </td><td>Mien </td><td>Myan </td></tr>
  283. <tr><td>豴</td><td>喵</td><td>~{_w~}</td><td>�81</td><td>Miao </td><td>Miao </td><td>Myau </td></tr>
  284. <tr><td>�</td><td>芈</td><td>~{XB~}</td><td>�8.</td><td>Mie </td><td>Mieh </td><td>Mye </td></tr>
  285. <tr><td>チ</td><td>民</td><td>~{Cq~}</td><td>�84</td><td>Min </td><td>Min </td><td>Min </td></tr>
  286. <tr><td>�</td><td>名</td><td>~{C{~}</td><td>�86</td><td>Ming </td><td>Ming </td><td>Ming </td></tr>
  287. <tr><td>抡</td><td>谬</td><td>~{C}~}</td><td>�82</td><td>Miu </td><td>Miu </td><td>Myou </td></tr>
  288. <tr><td>篘</td><td>摸</td><td>~{C~~}</td><td>�, </td><td>Mo </td><td>Mo </td><td>Mwo </td></tr>
  289. <tr><td>θ</td><td>牟</td><td>~{D2~}</td><td>�2 </td><td>Mou </td><td>Mou </td><td>Mou </td></tr>
  290. <tr><td>れ</td><td>木</td><td>~{D>~}</td><td>�9 </td><td>Mu </td><td>Mu </td><td>Mu </td></tr>
  291. <tr><td>ê</td><td>那</td><td>~{DG~}</td><td>�+ </td><td>Na </td><td>Na </td><td>Na </td></tr>
  292. <tr><td>�</td><td>乃</td><td>~{DK~}</td><td>�/ </td><td>Nai </td><td>Nai </td><td>Nai </td></tr>
  293. <tr><td>╧</td><td>男</td><td>~{DP~}</td><td>�3 </td><td>Nan </td><td>Nan </td><td>Nan </td></tr>
  294. <tr><td>舗</td><td>囊</td><td>~{DR~}</td><td>�5 </td><td>Nang </td><td>Nang </td><td>Nang </td></tr>
  295. <tr><td>磑</td><td>恼</td><td>~{DU~}</td><td>�1 </td><td>Nao </td><td>Nao </td><td>Nau </td></tr>
  296. <tr><td>ず</td><td>内</td><td>~{DZ~}</td><td>�0 </td><td>Nei </td><td>Nei </td><td>Nei </td></tr>
  297. <tr><td>�</td><td>能</td><td>~{D\~}</td><td>�6 </td><td>Neng </td><td>Neng </td><td>Neng </td></tr>
  298. <tr><td>ェ</td><td>尼</td><td>~{Da~}</td><td>�8 </td><td>Ni </td><td>Ni </td><td>Ni </td></tr>
  299. <tr><td>�</td><td>年</td><td>~{Dj~}</td><td>�83</td><td>Nian </td><td>Nien </td><td>Nyan </td></tr>
  300. <tr><td>甉</td><td>娘</td><td>~{Do~}</td><td>�85</td><td>Niang </td><td>Niang </td><td>Nyang </td></tr>
  301. <tr><td>尘</td><td>鸟</td><td>~{Dq~}</td><td>�81</td><td>Niao </td><td>Niao </td><td>Nyau </td></tr>
  302. <tr><td>�</td><td>捏</td><td>~{Ds~}</td><td>�8.</td><td>Nie </td><td>Nieh </td><td>Nye </td></tr>
  303. <tr><td>眤</td><td>您</td><td>~{Dz~}</td><td>�84</td><td>Nin </td><td>Nin </td><td>Nin </td></tr>
  304. <tr><td>圭</td><td>宁</td><td>~{D~~}</td><td>�86</td><td>Ning </td><td>Ning </td><td>Ning </td></tr>
  305. <tr><td>�</td><td>牛</td><td>~{E#~}</td><td>�82</td><td>Niu </td><td>Niu </td><td>Nyou </td></tr>
  306. <tr><td>笰</td><td>农</td><td>~{E)~}</td><td>�96</td><td>Nong </td><td>Nung </td><td>Nung </td></tr>
  307. <tr><td>慨</td><td>耨</td><td>~{qq~}</td><td>�92</td><td>Nou </td><td>Nou </td><td>Nou </td></tr>
  308. <tr><td>ィ</td><td>奴</td><td>~{E+~}</td><td>�9 </td><td>Nu </td><td>Nu </td><td>Nu </td></tr>
  309. <tr><td>�</td><td>女</td><td>~{E.~}</td><td>�: </td><td>Nu: </td><td>Nu: </td><td>Nyu </td></tr>
  310. <tr><td>穢</td><td>暖</td><td>~{E/~}</td><td>�93</td><td>Nuan </td><td>Nuan </td><td>Nwan </td></tr>
  311. <tr><td>環</td><td>虐</td><td>~{E0~}</td><td>�:.</td><td>Nue: </td><td>Nueh: </td><td>Nywe </td></tr>
  312. <tr><td>�</td><td>挪</td><td>~{E2~}</td><td>�9,</td><td>Nuo </td><td>No </td><td>Nwo </td></tr>
  313. <tr><td>案</td><td>偶</td><td>~{E<~}</td><td>2 </td><td>Ou </td><td>Ou </td><td>Ou </td></tr>
  314. <tr><td>�</td><td>芭</td><td>~{0E~}</td><td>�+ </td><td>Pa </td><td>P'a </td><td>Pa </td></tr>
  315. <tr><td>╃</td><td>拍</td><td>~{ED~}</td><td>�/ </td><td>Pai </td><td>P'ai </td><td>Pai </td></tr>
  316. <tr><td>硷</td><td>潘</td><td>~{EK~}</td><td>�3 </td><td>Pan </td><td>P'an </td><td>Pan </td></tr>
  317. <tr><td>ャ</td><td>乓</td><td>~{ER~}</td><td>�5 </td><td>Pang </td><td>P'ang </td><td>Pang </td></tr>
  318. <tr><td>┻</td><td>抛</td><td>~{EW~}</td><td>�1 </td><td>Pao </td><td>P'ao </td><td>Pau </td></tr>
  319. <tr><td>Д</td><td>坏</td><td>~{;5~}</td><td>�0 </td><td>Pei </td><td>P'ei </td><td>Pei </td></tr>
  320. <tr><td>糛</td><td>喷</td><td>~{Eg~}</td><td>�4 </td><td>Pen </td><td>P'en </td><td>Pen </td></tr>
  321. <tr><td>狟</td><td>朋</td><td>~{Es~}</td><td>�6 </td><td>Peng </td><td>P'eng </td><td>Peng </td></tr>
  322. <tr><td>で</td><td>匹</td><td>~{F%~}</td><td>�8 </td><td>Pi </td><td>P'i </td><td>Pi </td></tr>
  323. <tr><td>�</td><td>片</td><td>~{F,~}</td><td>�83</td><td>Pian </td><td>P'ien </td><td>Pyan </td></tr>
  324. <tr><td>布</td><td>票</td><td>~{F1~}</td><td>�81</td><td>Piao </td><td>P'iao </td><td>Pyau </td></tr>
  325. <tr><td>篔</td><td>撇</td><td>~{F2~}</td><td>�8.</td><td>Pie </td><td>P'ieh </td><td>Pye </td></tr>
  326. <tr><td>╅</td><td>拚</td><td>~{^U~}</td><td>�84</td><td>Pin </td><td>P'in </td><td>Pin </td></tr>
  327. <tr><td>モ</td><td>乒</td><td>~{F9~}</td><td>�86</td><td>Ping </td><td>P'ing </td><td>Ping </td></tr>
  328. <tr><td>℡</td><td>坡</td><td>~{FB~}</td><td>�, </td><td>Po </td><td>P'o </td><td>Pwo </td></tr>
  329. <tr><td>�</td><td>剖</td><td>~{FJ~}</td><td>�2 </td><td>Pou </td><td>P'ou </td><td>Pou </td></tr>
  330. <tr><td>げ</td><td>仆</td><td>~{FM~}</td><td>�9 </td><td>Pu </td><td>P'u </td><td>Pu </td></tr>
  331. <tr><td>�</td><td>七</td><td>~{F_~}</td><td>"8 </td><td>Qi </td><td>Ch'i </td><td>Chi </td></tr>
  332. <tr><td>誸</td><td>掐</td><td>~{F~~}</td><td>"8+</td><td>Qia </td><td>Ch'ia </td><td>Chya </td></tr>
  333. <tr><td>�</td><td>千</td><td>~{G'~}</td><td>"83</td><td>Qian </td><td>Ch'ien </td><td>Chyan </td></tr>
  334. <tr><td>�</td><td>羌</td><td>~{G<~}</td><td>"85</td><td>Qiang </td><td>Ch'iang</td><td>Chyang</td></tr>
  335. <tr><td>�</td><td>悄</td><td>~{GD~}</td><td>"81</td><td>Qiao </td><td>Ch'iao </td><td>Chyau </td></tr>
  336. <tr><td>ち</td><td>切</td><td>~{GP~}</td><td>"8.</td><td>Qie </td><td>Ch'ieh </td><td>Chye </td></tr>
  337. <tr><td>獻</td><td>侵</td><td>~{GV~}</td><td>"84</td><td>Qin </td><td>Ch'in </td><td>Chin </td></tr>
  338. <tr><td>獵</td><td>青</td><td>~{G`~}</td><td>"86</td><td>Qing </td><td>Ch'ing </td><td>Ching </td></tr>
  339. <tr><td>�</td><td>穹</td><td>~{q7~}</td><td>":6</td><td>Qiong </td><td>Ch'iung</td><td>Chyung</td></tr>
  340. <tr><td>�</td><td>丘</td><td>~{Gp~}</td><td>"82</td><td>Qiu </td><td>Ch'iu </td><td>Chyou </td></tr>
  341. <tr><td>Ρ</td><td>曲</td><td>~{Gz~}</td><td>": </td><td>Qu </td><td>Ch'u: </td><td>Chyu </td></tr>
  342. <tr><td>伴</td><td>圈</td><td>~{H&~}</td><td>":3</td><td>Quan </td><td>Ch'uan:</td><td>Chywan</td></tr>
  343. <tr><td>�</td><td>缺</td><td>~{H1~}</td><td>":.</td><td>Que </td><td>Ch'ueh:</td><td>Chywe </td></tr>
  344. <tr><td>竤</td><td>群</td><td>~{H:~}</td><td>":4</td><td>Qun </td><td>Ch'un: </td><td>Chyun </td></tr>
  345. <tr><td>礛</td><td>然</td><td>~{H;~}</td><td>'3 </td><td>Ran </td><td>Jan </td><td>Ran </td></tr>
  346. <tr><td>腤</td><td>嚷</td><td>~{HB~}</td><td>'5 </td><td>Rang </td><td>Jang </td><td>Rang </td></tr>
  347. <tr><td>糲</td><td>娆</td><td>~{f,~}</td><td>'1 </td><td>Rao </td><td>Jao </td><td>Rau </td></tr>
  348. <tr><td>荐</td><td>热</td><td>~{HH~}</td><td>'- </td><td>Re </td><td>Je </td><td>Re </td></tr>
  349. <tr><td>�</td><td>人</td><td>~{HK~}</td><td>'4 </td><td>Ren </td><td>Jen </td><td>Ren </td></tr>
  350. <tr><td>サ</td><td>扔</td><td>~{HS~}</td><td>'6 </td><td>Reng </td><td>Jeng </td><td>Reng </td></tr>
  351. <tr><td>ら</td><td>日</td><td>~{HU~}</td><td>' </td><td>Ri </td><td>Jih </td><td>R </td></tr>
  352. <tr><td>Ε</td><td>戎</td><td>~{HV~}</td><td>'96</td><td>Rong </td><td>Jung </td><td>Rung </td></tr>
  353. <tr><td>琗</td><td>柔</td><td>~{Ha~}</td><td>'2 </td><td>Rou </td><td>Jou </td><td>Rou </td></tr>
  354. <tr><td>�</td><td>如</td><td>~{Hg~}</td><td>'9 </td><td>Ru </td><td>Ju </td><td>Ru </td></tr>
  355. <tr><td>ǹ</td><td>阮</td><td>~{Hn~}</td><td>'93</td><td>Ruan </td><td>Juan </td><td>Rwan </td></tr>
  356. <tr><td>风</td><td>瑞</td><td>~{Hp~}</td><td>'90</td><td>Rui </td><td>Jui </td><td>Rwei </td></tr>
  357. <tr><td>秥</td><td>闰</td><td>~{Hr~}</td><td>'94</td><td>Run </td><td>Jun </td><td>Rwun </td></tr>
  358. <tr><td>璝</td><td>若</td><td>~{Ht~}</td><td>'9,</td><td>Ruo </td><td>Jo </td><td>Rwo </td></tr>
  359. <tr><td>な</td><td>卅</td><td>~{X&~}</td><td>*+ </td><td>Sa </td><td>Sa </td><td>Sa </td></tr>
  360. <tr><td>峨</td><td>塞</td><td>~{H{~}</td><td>*/ </td><td>Sai </td><td>Sai </td><td>Sai </td></tr>
  361. <tr><td>�</td><td>三</td><td>~{H}~}</td><td>*3 </td><td>San </td><td>San </td><td>San </td></tr>
  362. <tr><td>�</td><td>桑</td><td>~{I#~}</td><td>*5 </td><td>Sang </td><td>Sang </td><td>Sang </td></tr>
  363. <tr><td>穔</td><td>搔</td><td>~{I&~}</td><td>*1 </td><td>Sao </td><td>Sao </td><td>Sau </td></tr>
  364. <tr><td>︹</td><td>色</td><td>~{I+~}</td><td>*- </td><td>Se </td><td>Se </td><td>Se </td></tr>
  365. <tr><td>此</td><td>森</td><td>~{I-~}</td><td>*4 </td><td>Sen </td><td>Sen </td><td>Sen </td></tr>
  366. <tr><td>宫</td><td>僧</td><td>~{I.~}</td><td>*6 </td><td>Seng </td><td>Seng </td><td>Seng </td></tr>
  367. <tr><td>‵</td><td>沙</td><td>~{I3~}</td><td>&+ </td><td>Sha </td><td>Sha </td><td>Sha </td></tr>
  368. <tr><td>�</td><td>晒</td><td>~{I9~}</td><td>&/ </td><td>Shai </td><td>Shai </td><td>Shai </td></tr>
  369. <tr><td>�</td><td>山</td><td>~{I=~}</td><td>&3 </td><td>Shan </td><td>Shan </td><td>Shan </td></tr>
  370. <tr><td>坝</td><td>商</td><td>~{IL~}</td><td>&5 </td><td>Shang </td><td>Shang </td><td>Shang </td></tr>
  371. <tr><td>�</td><td>捎</td><td>~{IS~}</td><td>&1 </td><td>Shao </td><td>Shao </td><td>Shau </td></tr>
  372. <tr><td>傍</td><td>奢</td><td>~{I]~}</td><td>&- </td><td>She </td><td>She </td><td>She </td></tr>
  373. <tr><td>街</td><td>谁</td><td>~{K-~}</td><td>&0 </td><td>Shei </td><td>Shei </td><td>Shei </td></tr>
  374. <tr><td>ビ</td><td>申</td><td>~{Ij~}</td><td>&4 </td><td>Shen </td><td>Shen </td><td>Shen </td></tr>
  375. <tr><td>ど</td><td>升</td><td>~{I}~}</td><td>&6 </td><td>Sheng </td><td>Sheng </td><td>Sheng </td></tr>
  376. <tr><td>�</td><td>尸</td><td>~{J,~}</td><td>& </td><td>Shi </td><td>Shih </td><td>Shr </td></tr>
  377. <tr><td>Μ</td><td>收</td><td>~{JU~}</td><td>&2 </td><td>Shou </td><td>Shou </td><td>Shou </td></tr>
  378. <tr><td>�</td><td>书</td><td>~{Ji~}</td><td>&9 </td><td>Shu </td><td>Shu </td><td>Shu </td></tr>
  379. <tr><td>�</td><td>刷</td><td>~{K"~}</td><td>&9+</td><td>Shua </td><td>Shua </td><td>Shwa </td></tr>
  380. <tr><td>癐</td><td>衰</td><td>~{K%~}</td><td>&9/</td><td>Shuai </td><td>Shuai </td><td>Shwai </td></tr>
  381. <tr><td>珻</td><td>拴</td><td>~{K)~}</td><td>&93</td><td>Shuan </td><td>Shuan </td><td>Shwan </td></tr>
  382. <tr><td>流</td><td>霜</td><td>~{K*~}</td><td>&95</td><td>Shuang</td><td>Shuang </td><td>Shwang</td></tr>
  383. <tr><td>街</td><td>谁</td><td>~{K-~}</td><td>&90</td><td>Shui </td><td>Shui </td><td>Shwei </td></tr>
  384. <tr><td>�</td><td>吮</td><td>~{K1~}</td><td>&94</td><td>Shun </td><td>Shun </td><td>Shwun </td></tr>
  385. <tr><td>弧</td><td>说</td><td>~{K5~}</td><td>&9,</td><td>Shuo </td><td>Shuo </td><td>Shwo </td></tr>
  386. <tr><td>�</td><td>司</td><td>~{K>~}</td><td>* </td><td>Si </td><td>Ssu </td><td>Sz </td></tr>
  387. <tr><td>猀</td><td>忪</td><td>~{bl~}</td><td>*96</td><td>Song </td><td>Sung </td><td>Sung </td></tr>
  388. <tr><td>�</td><td>叟</td><td>~{[E~}</td><td>*2 </td><td>Sou </td><td>Sou </td><td>Sou </td></tr>
  389. <tr><td>波</td><td>疏</td><td>~{Jh~}</td><td>*9 </td><td>Su </td><td>Su </td><td>Su </td></tr>
  390. <tr><td>荒</td><td>酸</td><td>~{Ka~}</td><td>*93</td><td>Suan </td><td>Suan </td><td>Swan </td></tr>
  391. <tr><td>瘤</td><td>虽</td><td>~{Kd~}</td><td>*90</td><td>Sui </td><td>Sui </td><td>Swei </td></tr>
  392. <tr><td>甝</td><td>孙</td><td>~{Ko~}</td><td>*94</td><td>Sun </td><td>Sun </td><td>Swun </td></tr>
  393. <tr><td>�</td><td>唆</td><td>~{Kt~}</td><td>*9,</td><td>Suo </td><td>So </td><td>Swo </td></tr>
  394. <tr><td>�</td><td>他</td><td>~{K{~}</td><td>�+ </td><td>Ta </td><td>T'a </td><td>Ta </td></tr>
  395. <tr><td>�</td><td>台</td><td>~{L(~}</td><td>�/ </td><td>Tai </td><td>T'ai </td><td>Tai </td></tr>
  396. <tr><td>�</td><td>坍</td><td>~{L.~}</td><td>�3 </td><td>Tan </td><td>T'an </td><td>Tan </td></tr>
  397. <tr><td>傣</td><td>汤</td><td>~{L@~}</td><td>�5 </td><td>Tang </td><td>T'ang </td><td>Tang </td></tr>
  398. <tr><td>�</td><td>桃</td><td>~{LR~}</td><td>�1 </td><td>Tao </td><td>T'ao </td><td>Tau </td></tr>
  399. <tr><td>疭</td><td>特</td><td>~{LX~}</td><td>�- </td><td>Te </td><td>T'e </td><td>Te </td></tr>
  400. <tr><td>乃</td><td>腾</td><td>~{LZ~}</td><td>�6 </td><td>Teng </td><td>T'eng </td><td>Teng </td></tr>
  401. <tr><td>�</td><td>剔</td><td>~{L^~}</td><td>�8 </td><td>Ti </td><td>T'i </td><td>Ti </td></tr>
  402. <tr><td>ぱ</td><td>天</td><td>~{Ll~}</td><td>�83</td><td>Tian </td><td>T'ien </td><td>Tyan </td></tr>
  403. <tr><td>ㄙ</td><td>佻</td><td>~{Y,~}</td><td>�81</td><td>Tiao </td><td>T'iao </td><td>Tyau </td></tr>
  404. <tr><td>┇</td><td>帖</td><td>~{L{~}</td><td>�8.</td><td>Tie </td><td>T'ieh </td><td>Tye </td></tr>
  405. <tr><td>钮</td><td>听</td><td>~{L}~}</td><td>�86</td><td>Ting </td><td>T'ing </td><td>Ting </td></tr>
  406. <tr><td>�</td><td>同</td><td>~{M,~}</td><td>�96</td><td>Tong </td><td>T'ung </td><td>Tung </td></tr>
  407. <tr><td>敖</td><td>偷</td><td>~{M5~}</td><td>�2 </td><td>Tou </td><td>T'ou </td><td>Tou </td></tr>
  408. <tr><td>╮</td><td>秃</td><td>~{M:~}</td><td>�9 </td><td>Tu </td><td>T'u </td><td>Tu </td></tr>
  409. <tr><td>刮</td><td>团</td><td>~{ME~}</td><td>�93</td><td>Tuan </td><td>T'uan </td><td>Twan </td></tr>
  410. <tr><td>崩</td><td>推</td><td>~{MF~}</td><td>�90</td><td>Tui </td><td>T'ui </td><td>Twei </td></tr>
  411. <tr><td>�</td><td>吞</td><td>~{ML~}</td><td>�94</td><td>Tun </td><td>T'un </td><td>Twun </td></tr>
  412. <tr><td>︼</td><td>佗</td><td>~{Y"~}</td><td>�9,</td><td>Tuo </td><td>T'o </td><td>Two </td></tr>
  413. <tr><td>�</td><td>娃</td><td>~{M^~}</td><td>9+ </td><td>Wa </td><td>Wa </td><td>Wa </td></tr>
  414. <tr><td>琻</td><td>歪</td><td>~{Ma~}</td><td>9/ </td><td>Wai </td><td>Wai </td><td>Wai </td></tr>
  415. <tr><td>�</td><td>剜</td><td>~{X`~}</td><td>93 </td><td>Wan </td><td>Wan </td><td>Wan </td></tr>
  416. <tr><td>�</td><td>亡</td><td>~{Mv~}</td><td>95 </td><td>Wang </td><td>Wang </td><td>Wang </td></tr>
  417. <tr><td>〆</td><td>委</td><td>~{N/~}</td><td>90 </td><td>Wei </td><td>Wei </td><td>Wei </td></tr>
  418. <tr><td>ゅ</td><td>文</td><td>~{ND~}</td><td>94 </td><td>Wen </td><td>Wen </td><td>Wen </td></tr>
  419. <tr><td>�</td><td>翁</td><td>~{NL~}</td><td>96 </td><td>Weng </td><td>Weng </td><td>Weng </td></tr>
  420. <tr><td>�</td><td>倭</td><td>~{YA~}</td><td>9, </td><td>Wo </td><td>O </td><td>O </td></tr>
  421. <tr><td>�</td><td>圬</td><td>~{[X~}</td><td>9 </td><td>Wu </td><td>Wu </td><td>Wu </td></tr>
  422. <tr><td>ぜ</td><td>兮</td><td>~{Yb~}</td><td>#8 </td><td>Xi </td><td>Hsi </td><td>Xyi </td></tr>
  423. <tr><td>�</td><td>匣</td><td>~{O;~}</td><td>#8+</td><td>Xia </td><td>Hsia </td><td>Sya </td></tr>
  424. <tr><td>�</td><td>仙</td><td>~{OI~}</td><td>#83</td><td>Xian </td><td>Hsien </td><td>Syan </td></tr>
  425. <tr><td>�</td><td>相</td><td>~{O`~}</td><td>#85</td><td>Xiang </td><td>Hsiang </td><td>Syang </td></tr>
  426. <tr><td>玠</td><td>削</td><td>~{Ow~}</td><td>#81</td><td>Xiao </td><td>Hsiao </td><td>Syau </td></tr>
  427. <tr><td>ㄇ</td><td>些</td><td>~{P)~}</td><td>#8.</td><td>Xie </td><td>Hsieh </td><td>Sye </td></tr>
  428. <tr><td>み</td><td>心</td><td>~{PD~}</td><td>#84</td><td>Xin </td><td>Hsin </td><td>Syin </td></tr>
  429. <tr><td>琍</td><td>星</td><td>~{PG~}</td><td>#86</td><td>Xing </td><td>Hsin </td><td>Sying </td></tr>
  430. <tr><td>た</td><td>凶</td><td>~{PW~}</td><td>#:6</td><td>Xiong </td><td>Hsiung </td><td>Syung </td></tr>
  431. <tr><td>ヰ</td><td>休</td><td>~{P]~}</td><td>#82</td><td>Xiu </td><td>Hsiu </td><td>Syou </td></tr>
  432. <tr><td>畗</td><td>徐</td><td>~{Pl~}</td><td>#: </td><td>Xu </td><td>Hsu: </td><td>Syu </td></tr>
  433. <tr><td>�</td><td>宣</td><td>~{P{~}</td><td>#:3</td><td>Xuan </td><td>Hsuan: </td><td>Sywan </td></tr>
  434. <tr><td>箄</td><td>靴</td><td>~{Q%~}</td><td>#:.</td><td>Xue </td><td>Hsueh: </td><td>Sywe </td></tr>
  435. <tr><td>吃</td><td>勋</td><td>~{Q+~}</td><td>#:4</td><td>Xun </td><td>Hsun: </td><td>Syun </td></tr>
  436. <tr><td>�</td><td>丫</td><td>~{Q>~}</td><td>8+ </td><td>Ya </td><td>Ya </td><td>Ya </td></tr>
  437. <tr><td>゛</td><td>奄</td><td>~{QY~}</td><td>83 </td><td>Yan </td><td>Yan </td><td>Yan </td></tr>
  438. <tr><td>ァ</td><td>央</td><td>~{Qk~}</td><td>85 </td><td>Yang </td><td>Yang </td><td>Yang </td></tr>
  439. <tr><td>丑</td><td>尧</td><td>~{R"~}</td><td>81 </td><td>Yao </td><td>Yao </td><td>Yau </td></tr>
  440. <tr><td>�</td><td>夜</td><td>~{R9~}</td><td>8. </td><td>Ye </td><td>Yeh </td><td>Ye </td></tr>
  441. <tr><td>�</td><td>一</td><td>~{R;~}</td><td>8 </td><td>Yi </td><td>I </td><td>Yi </td></tr>
  442. <tr><td>�</td><td>因</td><td>~{Rr~}</td><td>84 </td><td>Yin </td><td>Yin </td><td>Yin </td></tr>
  443. <tr><td>璣</td><td>英</td><td>~{S"~}</td><td>86 </td><td>Ying </td><td>Ying </td><td>Ying </td></tr>
  444. <tr><td>皁</td><td>邕</td><td>~{g_~}</td><td>:6 </td><td>Yong </td><td>Yung </td><td>Yung </td></tr>
  445. <tr><td>я</td><td>攸</td><td>~{X|~}</td><td>82 </td><td>You </td><td>Yu </td><td>You </td></tr>
  446. <tr><td>ū</td><td>迂</td><td>~{SX~}</td><td>: </td><td>Yu </td><td>Yu: </td><td>Yu </td></tr>
  447. <tr><td>じ</td><td>元</td><td>~{T*~}</td><td>:3 </td><td>Yuan </td><td>Yuan: </td><td>Ywan </td></tr>
  448. <tr><td>る</td><td>月</td><td>~{TB~}</td><td>:. </td><td>Yue </td><td>Yueh: </td><td>Ywe </td></tr>
  449. <tr><td>穡</td><td>晕</td><td>~{TN~}</td><td>:4 </td><td>Yun </td><td>Yun: </td><td>Yun </td></tr>
  450. <tr><td>�</td><td>匝</td><td>~{TQ~}</td><td>(+ </td><td>Za </td><td>Tsa </td><td>Dza </td></tr>
  451. <tr><td>╝</td><td>灾</td><td>~{TV~}</td><td>(/ </td><td>Zai </td><td>Tsai </td><td>Dzai </td></tr>
  452. <tr><td>炉</td><td>簪</td><td>~{t"~}</td><td>(3 </td><td>Zan </td><td>Tsan </td><td>Dzan </td></tr>
  453. <tr><td>籒</td><td>臧</td><td>~{j0~}</td><td>(5 </td><td>Zang </td><td>Tsang </td><td>Dzang </td></tr>
  454. <tr><td>綝</td><td>遭</td><td>~{Tb~}</td><td>(1 </td><td>Zao </td><td>Tsao </td><td>Dzau </td></tr>
  455. <tr><td>玥</td><td>则</td><td>~{Tr~}</td><td>(- </td><td>Ze </td><td>Tse </td><td>Dze </td></tr>
  456. <tr><td>搁</td><td>贼</td><td>~{Tt~}</td><td>(0 </td><td>Zei </td><td>Tsei </td><td>Dzei </td></tr>
  457. <tr><td>�</td><td>怎</td><td>~{Tu~}</td><td>(4 </td><td>Zen </td><td>Tsen </td><td>Dzen </td></tr>
  458. <tr><td>纯</td><td>曾</td><td>~{Tx~}</td><td>(6 </td><td>Zeng </td><td>Tseng </td><td>Dzeng </td></tr>
  459. <tr><td>ゃ</td><td>扎</td><td>~{Tz~}</td><td>¥+ </td><td>Zha </td><td>Cha </td><td>Ja </td></tr>
  460. <tr><td>篕</td><td>摘</td><td>~{U*~}</td><td>¥/ </td><td>Zhai </td><td>Chai </td><td>Jai </td></tr>
  461. <tr><td>�</td><td>占</td><td>~{U<~}</td><td>¥3 </td><td>Zhan </td><td>Chan </td><td>Jan </td></tr>
  462. <tr><td>眎</td><td>张</td><td>~{UE~}</td><td>¥5 </td><td>Zhang </td><td>Chang </td><td>Jang </td></tr>
  463. <tr><td>�</td><td>召</td><td>~{UY~}</td><td>¥1 </td><td>Zhao </td><td>Chao </td><td>Jau </td></tr>
  464. <tr><td>綛</td><td>遮</td><td>~{UZ~}</td><td>¥- </td><td>Zhe </td><td>Che </td><td>Je </td></tr>
  465. <tr><td>�</td><td>珍</td><td>~{Ud~}</td><td>¥4 </td><td>Zhen </td><td>Chen </td><td>Jen </td></tr>
  466. <tr><td>タ</td><td>正</td><td>~{U}~}</td><td>¥6 </td><td>Zheng </td><td>Cheng </td><td>Jeng </td></tr>
  467. <tr><td>ぇ</td><td>之</td><td>~{V.~}</td><td>¥ </td><td>Zhi </td><td>Chih </td><td>Jr </td></tr>
  468. <tr><td>い</td><td>中</td><td>~{VP~}</td><td>¥96</td><td>Zhong </td><td>Chung </td><td>Jung </td></tr>
  469. <tr><td>�</td><td>州</td><td>~{V]~}</td><td>¥2 </td><td>Zhou </td><td>Chou </td><td>Jou </td></tr>
  470. <tr><td>Χ</td><td>朱</td><td>~{Vl~}</td><td>¥9 </td><td>Zhu </td><td>Chu </td><td>Ju </td></tr>
  471. <tr><td>ъ</td><td>抓</td><td>~{W%~}</td><td>¥9+</td><td>Zhua </td><td>Chua </td><td>Jwa </td></tr>
  472. <tr><td>�</td><td>拽</td><td>~{W'~}</td><td>¥9/</td><td>Zhuai </td><td>Chuai </td><td>Jwai </td></tr>
  473. <tr><td>盡</td><td>专</td><td>~{W(~}</td><td>¥93</td><td>Zhuan </td><td>Chuan </td><td>Jwan </td></tr>
  474. <tr><td>З</td><td>妆</td><td>~{W1~}</td><td>¥95</td><td>Zhuang</td><td>Chuang </td><td>Jwang </td></tr>
  475. <tr><td>獳</td><td>隹</td><td>~{v?~}</td><td>¥90</td><td>Zhui </td><td>Chui </td><td>Jwei </td></tr>
  476. <tr><td>�</td><td>准</td><td>~{W<~}</td><td>¥94</td><td>Zhun </td><td>Chun </td><td>Jwun </td></tr>
  477. <tr><td>�</td><td>卓</td><td>~{W?~}</td><td>¥9,</td><td>Zhuo </td><td>Cho </td><td>Jwo </td></tr>
  478. <tr><td>�</td><td>子</td><td>~{WS~}</td><td>( </td><td>Zi </td><td>Tzu </td><td>Dz </td></tr>
  479. <tr><td>﹙</td><td>宗</td><td>~{WZ~}</td><td>(96</td><td>Zong </td><td>Tsung </td><td>Dzung </td></tr>
  480. <tr><td>筈</td><td>邹</td><td>~{W^~}</td><td>(2 </td><td>Zou </td><td>Tsou </td><td>Dzou </td></tr>
  481. <tr><td>�</td><td>租</td><td>~{Wb~}</td><td>(9 </td><td>Zu </td><td>Tsu </td><td>Dzu </td></tr>
  482. <tr><td>苝</td><td>钻</td><td>~{Wj~}</td><td>(93</td><td>Zuan </td><td>Tsuan </td><td>Dzwan </td></tr>
  483. <tr><td>糒</td><td>嘴</td><td>~{Wl~}</td><td>(90</td><td>Zui </td><td>Tsui </td><td>Dzwei </td></tr>
  484. <tr><td>碙</td><td>尊</td><td>~{Wp~}</td><td>(94</td><td>Zun </td><td>Tsun </td><td>Dzwun </td></tr>
  485. <tr><td>�</td><td>作</td><td>~{Ww~}</td><td>(9,</td><td>Zuo </td><td>Tso </td><td>Dzwo </td></tr>
  486. </table>
  487. <p>
  488. <h3>Additional Points</h3>
  489. <p>
  490. The above table deals with the phonetic symbols employed to
  491. represent the Chinese pronunciation of a character. This is
  492. analogous to the many different schemes used in English
  493. dictionaries to represent pronunciation (long vowels, short
  494. consonants, etc). As we can see from the above table, there are
  495. many methods (and many more are not listed above). The most
  496. common ones are pinyin (China) and BoPoMoFo (Taiwan). The
  497. purpose of this web page is to demonstrate the nearly one-to-one
  498. correspondence between these two methods. Personally, I prefer
  499. the pinyin method, because I already know my alphabets. Why
  500. waste time learning another set of phonetic symbols, especially
  501. when they are so nearly equivalent?
  502. <p>
  503. <b>Big5 vs. GB</b> Because of the political division of China,
  504. there are two major coding schemes: Big5 (mainly in Taiwan) and
  505. GB (mainly in mainland China). Do not confuse Big5/GB with the
  506. BoPoMoFo/pinyin phonetic representation. The coding scheme is
  507. simply a way to represent a character with a number, much like
  508. how we represent an alphabet with a number with the <a
  509. href="../ench250/ascii.htm">ASCII scheme</a>, e.g., 65 for the
  510. letter "A". Both coding schemes are based on 4 bytes ( 32 bits)
  511. per character. For example, the character of my last name is
  512. represented with different numerical values in different coding
  513. schemes: Big5, GB (and, for that matter, Japanese, or Korean).
  514. <p>
  515. <b>Big5|GB vs. Unicode|HZ</b> To make the matter worse, there
  516. exist many coding schemes other than just Big5 and GB. At one
  517. time, every Chinese software company seemed to advocate its own
  518. proprietary coding scheme. Another fairly common coding scheme,
  519. although not as popular as Big5 or GB, is HZ. Then there is
  520. Unicode, which is used to express characters/letters of not just
  521. Chinese Mandarin, but all sorts of languages, Asian and European
  522. alike; thus, the Unicode coding system contains Chinese
  523. characters along with many non-Chinsese characters.
  524. <p>
  525. <b>Traditional vs. Simplified Style</b>. A completely separate
  526. idea (not to be confused with phonetic representation or coding
  527. schemes) is the traditional style (which has more strokes for
  528. certain characters, favored in Taiwan) versus the simplified
  529. style (favored in China). The styles are analogous to different
  530. fonts in the US, much like how my wingdings font and my courier
  531. font display two different symbols for the same alphabet "A".
  532. <p>
  533. <b>Input Method</b>. Another yet completely different concept is
  534. the input method. Because the English-based keyboard is what we
  535. normally see in the US, we need to adopt that to Chinese. There
  536. are many input methods for picking out a specific Chinese character
  537. -- I am aware of at least 15 such methods. One of these is
  538. pinyin, where you simply type in the alphabet (which I think is
  539. the simplest because I am comfortable with typing English with a
  540. US keyboard). For example, I would type "w" "a" "n" "g"; about
  541. 15 characters pop up on my screen; and I pick out the character
  542. that corresponds to my last name. The BoPoMoFo method is similar
  543. in that each key maps into a phonetic symbol. There are many
  544. mappings for BoPoMoFo, one such mapping is <a
  545. href="bopomofo.gif">shown here</a>. There are sufficient number
  546. of keys on a US keyboard for each of the 37 BoPoMoFo phonetic
  547. symbols. Other input methods are based on pronunciation in other
  548. dialects (such as Cantonese, rather than Mandarin), radicals
  549. (bu4shou3), number of strokes, the type of strokes at four
  550. corners of the character (si4jiao3hao4ma3), the shape of the
  551. character (cang1jie2), ..., even English equivalent. For
  552. example, my last name translates to "king" in English; thus, when
  553. I employ the last input method, I type "king" on my US keyboard;
  554. a number of Chinese characters or phrases that correspond to
  555. "king" in meaning pop up on my screen; and I choose the correct
  556. one. As for me -- well, I hardly ever type in Chinese -- but
  557. when I do, I do most of my input with pinyin. Without exception,
  558. <i>everyone</i> I know who masters both BoPoMoFo and pinyin
  559. prefers pinyin, just like myself. I occasionally switch to other
  560. methods, when I, for example, do not know the pronunciation of
  561. the character that I am trying to type.
  562. <p>
  563. <b>Directionality</b>. Western languages are written in
  564. horizontal lines left-to-right. However, certain languages (such
  565. as Hebrew and Arabic) are written in horizontal lines
  566. right-to-left. Chinese languages (and those with a strong Chinese
  567. influence such as Japanese and Korean) are <i>traditionally</i>
  568. written in vertical lines (top-to-bottom) arranged right-to-left.
  569. However, this tradition is not commonly practiced today. China
  570. has long changed the directionality to be in line with the
  571. Western practice (i.e., horizontal lines left-to-right).
  572. However, many Taiwanese publications seem to follow no rules. It
  573. is typical to see top-to-bottom, right-to-left, and left-to-right
  574. conventions all coexist on the same page in a newspaper. This
  575. can cause serious confusions, especially when the phrases are
  576. sufficiently short such that both directions make perfect sense,
  577. but convey completely different meanings. For example, with my
  578. name read in an opposite direction, I become another equally
  579. plausible person: a new Southern King, which of course I am not.
  580. <p>
  581. There are many permutations of the above concepts. To make the
  582. matter worse, there are people who mix already messy Chinese
  583. schemes with other languages that also employ Chinese characters
  584. (such as Japanese and Korean). Such is the sad state of things when a
  585. country that should be united remains divided, and ordinary folks
  586. like I pay for the resulting chaos. I wrote this web page in an
  587. attempt to reduce such misunderstandings.
  588. <p>
  589. <hr> <!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
  590. <address>
  591. <a name="Comments">
  592. Return to Prof. Nam Sun Wang's <a href=../Welcome.html>Home Page</a><br>
  593. Return to <a href="chinese.htm">Chinese Resources/Links<br></a><br>
  594. <b>PinYin and BoPoMoFo ZhuYin Equivalence</b><br><br>
  595. Forward comments to:<br>
  596. <table cellspacing=40>
  597. <tr><td>
  598. <dl>
  599. <dd><b>Nam Sun Wang</b>
  600. <dd>Department of Chemical Engineering
  601. <dd>University of Maryland
  602. <dd>College Park, MD 20742-2111
  603. <dd>301-405-1910 (voice)
  604. <dd>301-314-9126 (FAX)
  605. <dd><a href="mailto:nsw@eng.umd.edu"><img src="../icons/mail.gif"></a>
  606. e-mail: <a href="mailto:nsw@eng.umd.edu">nsw@eng.umd.edu</a>
  607. &copy;1999 by Nam Sun Wang
  608. <td><img src="../umlogo.gif" alt="UMCP logo" width=128 height=128>
  609. </table>
  610. </address>
  611. </body></html>
  612.