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youtube-dl - download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms
To install it right away for all users on an apt-based system, add our apt repository using some commands in your terminal. Firstly, add an avideo repository (latest is recommended) and the signing key:
sudo echo "deb https://notabug.org/GPast/avideo/raw/archive/repos/latest /" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
wget \-qO \- https://notabug.org/GPast/avideo/raw/archive/repos/repokey | sudo apt\-key add \-
Finally, install apt-transport-https, update your apt database, and install avideo:
sudo apt install apt\-transport\-https && sudo apt update && sudo apt install avideo
You can alternatively install the Python package directly, using pip:
sudo pip install avideo
Otherwise, or if you would like to install from source, download the source tarball. Extract it, and then run the following in a terminal:
cd <PATH TO EXTRACTED TARBALL DIRECTORY>
sudo make install
Alternatively, refer to the developer instructions for how to check out and work with the git repository. For further options see the youtube-dl Download Page.
youtube-dl is a command-line program to download videos from YouTube.com and a few more sites. It is fully libre, requires the Python interpreter, version 2.6, 2.7, or 3.2+, and is supported on GNU/Linux. It is released under the GPLv3+, which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like, so long as you give others the same rights.
youtube-dl [OPTIONS] URL [URL...]
-h, --help Print this help text and exit
--version Print program version and exit
-U, --update Update this program to latest version. Make
sure that you have sufficient permissions
(run with sudo if needed)
-i, --ignore-errors Continue on download errors, for example to
skip unavailable videos in a playlist
--abort-on-error Abort downloading of further videos (in the
playlist or the command line) if an error
occurs
--dump-user-agent Display the current browser identification
--list-extractors List all supported extractors
--extractor-descriptions Output descriptions of all supported
extractors
--force-generic-extractor Force extraction to use the generic
extractor
--default-search PREFIX Use this prefix for unqualified URLs. For
example "gvsearch2:" downloads two videos
from google videos for youtube-dl "large
apple". Use the value "auto" to let
youtube-dl guess ("auto_warning" to emit a
warning when guessing). "error" just throws
an error. The default value "fixup_error"
repairs broken URLs, but emits an error if
this is not possible instead of searching.
--ignore-config Do not read configuration files. When given
in the global configuration file
/etc/youtube-dl.conf: Do not read the user
configuration in ~/.config/youtube-
dl/config
--config-location PATH Location of the configuration file; either
the path to the config or its containing
directory.
--flat-playlist Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
only list them.
--mark-watched Mark videos watched (YouTube only)
--no-mark-watched Do not mark videos watched (YouTube only)
--no-color Do not emit color codes in output
--proxy URL Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS proxy.
To enable experimental SOCKS proxy, specify
a proper scheme. For example
socks5://127.0.0.1:1080/. Pass in an empty
string (--proxy "") for direct connection
--socket-timeout SECONDS Time to wait before giving up, in seconds
--source-address IP Client-side IP address to bind to
-4, --force-ipv4 Make all connections via IPv4
-6, --force-ipv6 Make all connections via IPv6
--geo-verification-proxy URL Use this proxy to verify the IP address for
some geo-restricted sites. The default
proxy specified by --proxy (or none, if the
options is not present) is used for the
actual downloading.
--geo-bypass Bypass geographic restriction via faking
X-Forwarded-For HTTP header (experimental)
--no-geo-bypass Do not bypass geographic restriction via
faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header
(experimental)
--geo-bypass-country CODE Force bypass geographic restriction with
explicitly provided two-letter ISO 3166-2
country code (experimental)
--playlist-start NUMBER Playlist video to start at (default is 1)
--playlist-end NUMBER Playlist video to end at (default is last)
--playlist-items ITEM_SPEC Playlist video items to download. Specify
indices of the videos in the playlist
separated by commas like: "--playlist-items
1,2,5,8" if you want to download videos
indexed 1, 2, 5, 8 in the playlist. You can
specify range: "--playlist-items
1-3,7,10-13", it will download the videos
at index 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13.
--match-title REGEX Download only matching titles (regex or
caseless sub-string)
--reject-title REGEX Skip download for matching titles (regex or
caseless sub-string)
--max-downloads NUMBER Abort after downloading NUMBER files
--min-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos smaller than
SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
--max-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos larger than SIZE
(e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
--date DATE Download only videos uploaded in this date
--datebefore DATE Download only videos uploaded on or before
this date (i.e. inclusive)
--dateafter DATE Download only videos uploaded on or after
this date (i.e. inclusive)
--min-views COUNT Do not download any videos with less than
COUNT views
--max-views COUNT Do not download any videos with more than
COUNT views
--match-filter FILTER Generic video filter. Specify any key (see
help for -o for a list of available keys)
to match if the key is present, !key to
check if the key is not present, key >
NUMBER (like "comment_count > 12", also
works with >=, <, <=, !=, =) to compare
against a number, key = 'LITERAL' (like
"uploader = 'Mike Smith'", also works with
!=) to match against a string literal and &
to require multiple matches. Values which
are not known are excluded unless you put a
question mark (?) after the operator. For
example, to only match videos that have
been liked more than 100 times and disliked
less than 50 times (or the dislike
functionality is not available at the given
service), but who also have a description,
use --match-filter "like_count > 100 &
dislike_count <? 50 & description" .
--no-playlist Download only the video, if the URL refers
to a video and a playlist.
--yes-playlist Download the playlist, if the URL refers to
a video and a playlist.
--age-limit YEARS Download only videos suitable for the given
age
--download-archive FILE Download only videos not listed in the
archive file. Record the IDs of all
downloaded videos in it.
--include-ads Download advertisements as well
(experimental)
-r, --limit-rate RATE Maximum download rate in bytes per second
(e.g. 50K or 4.2M)
-R, --retries RETRIES Number of retries (default is 10), or
"infinite".
--fragment-retries RETRIES Number of retries for a fragment (default
is 10), or "infinite" (DASH, hlsnative and
ISM)
--skip-unavailable-fragments Skip unavailable fragments (DASH, hlsnative
and ISM)
--abort-on-unavailable-fragment Abort downloading when some fragment is not
available
--keep-fragments Keep downloaded fragments on disk after
downloading is finished; fragments are
erased by default
--buffer-size SIZE Size of download buffer (e.g. 1024 or 16K)
(default is 1024)
--no-resize-buffer Do not automatically adjust the buffer
size. By default, the buffer size is
automatically resized from an initial value
of SIZE.
--playlist-reverse Download playlist videos in reverse order
--playlist-random Download playlist videos in random order
--xattr-set-filesize Set file xattribute ytdl.filesize with
expected file size (experimental)
--hls-prefer-native Use the native HLS downloader instead of
ffmpeg
--hls-prefer-ffmpeg Use ffmpeg instead of the native HLS
downloader
--hls-use-mpegts Use the mpegts container for HLS videos,
allowing to play the video while
downloading (some players may not be able
to play it)
--external-downloader COMMAND Use the specified external downloader.
Currently supports
aria2c,avconv,axel,curl,ffmpeg,httpie,wget
--external-downloader-args ARGS Give these arguments to the external
downloader
-a, --batch-file FILE File containing URLs to download ('-' for
stdin)
--id Use only video ID in file name
-o, --output TEMPLATE Output filename template, see the "OUTPUT
TEMPLATE" for all the info
--autonumber-start NUMBER Specify the start value for %(autonumber)s
(default is 1)
--restrict-filenames Restrict filenames to only ASCII
characters, and avoid "&" and spaces in
filenames
-w, --no-overwrites Do not overwrite files
-c, --continue Force resume of partially downloaded files.
By default, youtube-dl will resume
downloads if possible.
--no-continue Do not resume partially downloaded files
(restart from beginning)
--no-part Do not use .part files - write directly
into output file
--no-mtime Do not use the Last-modified header to set
the file modification time
--write-description Write video description to a .description
file
--write-info-json Write video metadata to a .info.json file
--write-annotations Write video annotations to a
.annotations.xml file
--load-info-json FILE JSON file containing the video information
(created with the "--write-info-json"
option)
--cookies FILE File to read cookies from and dump cookie
jar in
--cache-dir DIR Location in the filesystem where youtube-dl
can store some downloaded information
permanently. By default
$XDG_CACHE_HOME/youtube-dl or
~/.cache/youtube-dl . At the moment, only
YouTube player files (for videos with
obfuscated signatures) are cached, but that
may change.
--no-cache-dir Disable filesystem caching
--rm-cache-dir Delete all filesystem cache files
--write-thumbnail Write thumbnail image to disk
--write-all-thumbnails Write all thumbnail image formats to disk
--list-thumbnails Simulate and list all available thumbnail
formats
-q, --quiet Activate quiet mode
--no-warnings Ignore warnings
-s, --simulate Do not download the video and do not write
anything to disk
--skip-download Do not download the video
-g, --get-url Simulate, quiet but print URL
-e, --get-title Simulate, quiet but print title
--get-id Simulate, quiet but print id
--get-thumbnail Simulate, quiet but print thumbnail URL
--get-description Simulate, quiet but print video description
--get-duration Simulate, quiet but print video length
--get-filename Simulate, quiet but print output filename
--get-format Simulate, quiet but print output format
-j, --dump-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON information.
See --output for a description of available
keys.
-J, --dump-single-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON information
for each command-line argument. If the URL
refers to a playlist, dump the whole
playlist information in a single line.
--print-json Be quiet and print the video information as
JSON (video is still being downloaded).
--newline Output progress bar as new lines
--no-progress Do not print progress bar
--console-title Display progress in console titlebar
-v, --verbose Print various debugging information
--dump-pages Print downloaded pages encoded using base64
to debug problems (very verbose)
--write-pages Write downloaded intermediary pages to
files in the current directory to debug
problems
--print-traffic Display sent and read HTTP traffic
-C, --call-home Contact the youtube-dl server for debugging
--no-call-home Do NOT contact the youtube-dl server for
debugging
--encoding ENCODING Force the specified encoding (experimental)
--no-check-certificate Suppress HTTPS certificate validation
--prefer-insecure Use an unencrypted connection to retrieve
information about the video. (Currently
supported only for YouTube)
--user-agent UA Specify a custom user agent
--referer URL Specify a custom referer, use if the video
access is restricted to one domain
--add-header FIELD:VALUE Specify a custom HTTP header and its value,
separated by a colon ':'. You can use this
option multiple times
--bidi-workaround Work around terminals that lack
bidirectional text support. Requires bidiv
or fribidi executable in PATH
--sleep-interval SECONDS Number of seconds to sleep before each
download when used alone or a lower bound
of a range for randomized sleep before each
download (minimum possible number of
seconds to sleep) when used along with
--max-sleep-interval.
--max-sleep-interval SECONDS Upper bound of a range for randomized sleep
before each download (maximum possible
number of seconds to sleep). Must only be
used along with --min-sleep-interval.
-f, --format FORMAT Video format code, see the "FORMAT
SELECTION" for all the info
--all-formats Download all available video formats
--prefer-free-formats Prefer free video formats unless a specific
one is requested
-F, --list-formats List all available formats of requested
videos
--youtube-skip-dash-manifest Do not download the DASH manifests and
related data on YouTube videos
--merge-output-format FORMAT If a merge is required (e.g.
bestvideo+bestaudio), output to given
container format. One of mkv, mp4, ogg,
webm, flv. Ignored if no merge is required
--write-sub Write subtitle file
--write-auto-sub Write automatically generated subtitle file
(YouTube only)
--all-subs Download all the available subtitles of the
video
--list-subs List all available subtitles for the video
--sub-format FORMAT Subtitle format, accepts formats
preference, for example: "srt" or
"ass/srt/best"
--sub-lang LANGS Languages of the subtitles to download
(optional) separated by commas, use --list-
subs for available language tags
-u, --username USERNAME Login with this account ID
-p, --password PASSWORD Account password. If this option is left
out, youtube-dl will ask interactively.
-2, --twofactor TWOFACTOR Two-factor authentication code
-n, --netrc Use .netrc authentication data
--video-password PASSWORD Video password (vimeo, smotri, youku)
--ap-mso MSO Adobe Pass multiple-system operator (TV
provider) identifier, use --ap-list-mso for
a list of available MSOs
--ap-username USERNAME Multiple-system operator account login
--ap-password PASSWORD Multiple-system operator account password.
If this option is left out, youtube-dl will
ask interactively.
--ap-list-mso List all supported multiple-system
operators
-x, --extract-audio Convert video files to audio-only files
(requires ffmpeg or avconv and ffprobe or
avprobe)
--audio-format FORMAT Specify audio format: "best", "aac",
"flac", "mp3", "m4a", "opus", "vorbis", or
"wav"; "best" by default; No effect without
-x
--audio-quality QUALITY Specify ffmpeg/avconv audio quality, insert
a value between 0 (better) and 9 (worse)
for VBR or a specific bitrate like 128K
(default 5)
--recode-video FORMAT Encode the video to another format if
necessary (currently supported:
mp4|flv|ogg|webm|mkv|avi)
--postprocessor-args ARGS Give these arguments to the postprocessor
-k, --keep-video Keep the video file on disk after the post-
processing; the video is erased by default
--no-post-overwrites Do not overwrite post-processed files; the
post-processed files are overwritten by
default
--embed-subs Embed subtitles in the video (only for mp4,
webm and mkv videos)
--embed-thumbnail Embed thumbnail in the audio as cover art
--add-metadata Write metadata to the video file
--metadata-from-title FORMAT Parse additional metadata like song title /
artist from the video title. The format
syntax is the same as --output. Regular
expression with named capture groups may
also be used. The parsed parameters replace
existing values. Example: --metadata-from-
title "%(artist)s - %(title)s" matches a
title like "Coldplay - Paradise". Example
(regex): --metadata-from-title
"(?P<artist>.+?) - (?P<title>.+)"
--xattrs Write metadata to the video file's xattrs
(using dublin core and xdg standards)
--fixup POLICY Automatically correct known faults of the
file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only
emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the
default; fix file if we can, warn
otherwise)
--prefer-avconv Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running the
postprocessors (default)
--prefer-ffmpeg Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running the
postprocessors
--ffmpeg-location PATH Location of the ffmpeg/avconv binary;
either the path to the binary or its
containing directory.
--exec CMD Execute a command on the file after
downloading, similar to find's -exec
syntax. Example: --exec 'adb push {}
/sdcard/Music/ && rm {}'
--convert-subs FORMAT Convert the subtitles to other format
(currently supported: srt|ass|vtt)
You can configure youtube-dl by placing any supported command line option to a configuration file. The system wide configuration file is located at /etc/youtube-dl.conf
and the user wide configuration file at ~/.config/youtube-dl/config
. Note that by default configuration file may not exist so you may need to create it yourself.
For example, with the following configuration file youtube-dl will always extract the audio, not copy the mtime, use a proxy and save all videos under Movies
directory in your home directory:
# Lines starting with # are comments
# Always extract audio
-x
# Do not copy the mtime
--no-mtime
# Use this proxy
--proxy 127.0.0.1:3128
# Save all videos under Movies directory in your home directory
-o ~/Movies/%(title)s.%(ext)s
Note that options in configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls thus there must be no whitespace after -
or --
, e.g. -o
or --proxy
but not - o
or -- proxy
.
You can use --ignore-config
if you want to disable the configuration file for a particular youtube-dl run.
You can also use --config-location
if you want to use custom configuration file for a particular youtube-dl run.
.netrc
fileYou may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with --username
and --password
) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every youtube-dl execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a .netrc
file on a per extractor basis. For that you will need to create a .netrc
file in your $HOME
and restrict permissions to read/write by only you:
touch $HOME/.netrc
chmod a-rwx,u+rw $HOME/.netrc
After that you can add credentials for an extractor in the following format, where extractor is the name of the extractor in lowercase:
machine <extractor> login <login> password <password>
For example:
machine youtube login myaccount@gmail.com password my_youtube_password
machine twitch login my_twitch_account_name password my_twitch_password
To activate authentication with the .netrc
file you should pass --netrc
to youtube-dl or place it in the configuration file.
The -o
option allows users to indicate a template for the output file names.
tl;dr: navigate me to examples.
The basic usage is not to set any template arguments when downloading a single file, like in youtube-dl -o funny_video.flv "http://some/video"
. However, it may contain special sequences that will be replaced when downloading each video. The special sequences may be formatted according to python string formatting operations. For example, %(NAME)s
or %(NAME)05d
. To clarify, that is a percent symbol followed by a name in parentheses, followed by a formatting operations. Allowed names along with sequence type are:
id
(string): Video identifiertitle
(string): Video titleurl
(string): Video URLext
(string): Video filename extensionalt_title
(string): A secondary title of the videodisplay_id
(string): An alternative identifier for the videouploader
(string): Full name of the video uploaderlicense
(string): License name the video is licensed undercreator
(string): The creator of the videorelease_date
(string): The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was releasedtimestamp
(numeric): UNIX timestamp of the moment the video became availableupload_date
(string): Video upload date (YYYYMMDD)uploader_id
(string): Nickname or id of the video uploaderlocation
(string): Physical location where the video was filmedduration
(numeric): Length of the video in secondsview_count
(numeric): How many users have watched the video on the platformlike_count
(numeric): Number of positive ratings of the videodislike_count
(numeric): Number of negative ratings of the videorepost_count
(numeric): Number of reposts of the videoaverage_rating
(numeric): Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpagecomment_count
(numeric): Number of comments on the videoage_limit
(numeric): Age restriction for the video (years)format
(string): A human-readable description of the formatformat_id
(string): Format code specified by --format
format_note
(string): Additional info about the formatwidth
(numeric): Width of the videoheight
(numeric): Height of the videoresolution
(string): Textual description of width and heighttbr
(numeric): Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/sabr
(numeric): Average audio bitrate in KBit/sacodec
(string): Name of the audio codec in useasr
(numeric): Audio sampling rate in Hertzvbr
(numeric): Average video bitrate in KBit/sfps
(numeric): Frame ratevcodec
(string): Name of the video codec in usecontainer
(string): Name of the container formatfilesize
(numeric): The number of bytes, if known in advancefilesize_approx
(numeric): An estimate for the number of bytesprotocol
(string): The protocol that will be used for the actual downloadextractor
(string): Name of the extractorextractor_key
(string): Key name of the extractorepoch
(numeric): Unix epoch when creating the fileautonumber
(numeric): Five-digit number that will be increased with each download, starting at zeroplaylist
(string): Name or id of the playlist that contains the videoplaylist_index
(numeric): Index of the video in the playlist padded with leading zeros according to the total length of the playlistplaylist_id
(string): Playlist identifierplaylist_title
(string): Playlist titleAvailable for the video that belongs to some logical chapter or section:
chapter
(string): Name or title of the chapter the video belongs tochapter_number
(numeric): Number of the chapter the video belongs tochapter_id
(string): Id of the chapter the video belongs toAvailable for the video that is an episode of some series or programme:
series
(string): Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs toseason
(string): Title of the season the video episode belongs toseason_number
(numeric): Number of the season the video episode belongs toseason_id
(string): Id of the season the video episode belongs toepisode
(string): Title of the video episodeepisode_number
(numeric): Number of the video episode within a seasonepisode_id
(string): Id of the video episodeAvailable for the media that is a track or a part of a music album:
track
(string): Title of the tracktrack_number
(numeric): Number of the track within an album or a disctrack_id
(string): Id of the trackartist
(string): Artist(s) of the trackgenre
(string): Genre(s) of the trackalbum
(string): Title of the album the track belongs toalbum_type
(string): Type of the albumalbum_artist
(string): List of all artists appeared on the albumdisc_number
(numeric): Number of the disc or other physical medium the track belongs torelease_year
(numeric): Year (YYYY) when the album was releasedEach aforementioned sequence when referenced in an output template will be replaced by the actual value corresponding to the sequence name. Note that some of the sequences are not guaranteed to be present since they depend on the metadata obtained by a particular extractor. Such sequences will be replaced with NA
.
For example for -o %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s
and an mp4 video with title youtube-dl test video
and id BaW_jenozKcj
, this will result in a youtube-dl test video-BaW_jenozKcj.mp4
file created in the current directory.
For numeric sequences you can use numeric related formatting, for example, %(view_count)05d
will result in a string with view count padded with zeros up to 5 characters, like in 00042
.
Output templates can also contain arbitrary hierarchical path, e.g. -o '%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s'
which will result in downloading each video in a directory corresponding to this path template. Any missing directory will be automatically created for you.
To use percent literals in an output template use %%
. To output to stdout use -o -
.
The current default template is %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s
.
In some cases, you don't want special characters such as 中, spaces, or &, such as when transferring the downloaded filename to a Windows system or the filename through an 8bit-unsafe channel. In these cases, add the --restrict-filenames
flag to get a shorter title:
$ youtube-dl --get-filename -o '%(title)s.%(ext)s' BaW_jenozKc
youtube-dl test video ''_ä↭𝕐.mp4 # All kinds of weird characters
$ youtube-dl --get-filename -o '%(title)s.%(ext)s' BaW_jenozKc --restrict-filenames
youtube-dl_test_video_.mp4 # A simple file name
# Download YouTube playlist videos in separate directory indexed by video order in a playlist
$ youtube-dl -o '%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s' https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re
# Download all playlists of YouTube channel/user keeping each playlist in separate directory:
$ youtube-dl -o '%(uploader)s/%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s' https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation/playlists
# Download Udemy course keeping each chapter in separate directory under MyVideos directory in your home
$ youtube-dl -u user -p password -o '~/MyVideos/%(playlist)s/%(chapter_number)s - %(chapter)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s' https://www.udemy.com/java-tutorial/
# Download entire series season keeping each series and each season in separate directory under C:/MyVideos
$ youtube-dl -o "C:/MyVideos/%(series)s/%(season_number)s - %(season)s/%(episode_number)s - %(episode)s.%(ext)s" http://videomore.ru/kino_v_detalayah/5_sezon/367617
# Stream the video being downloaded to stdout
$ youtube-dl -o - BaW_jenozKc
By default youtube-dl tries to download the best available quality, i.e. if you want the best quality you don't need to pass any special options, youtube-dl will guess it for you by default.
But sometimes you may want to download in a different format, for example when you are on a slow or intermittent connection. The key mechanism for achieving this is so-called format selection based on which you can explicitly specify desired format, select formats based on some criterion or criteria, setup precedence and much more.
The general syntax for format selection is --format FORMAT
or shorter -f FORMAT
where FORMAT
is a selector expression, i.e. an expression that describes format or formats you would like to download.
tl;dr: navigate me to examples.
The simplest case is requesting a specific format, for example with -f 22
you can download the format with format code equal to 22. You can get the list of available format codes for particular video using --list-formats
or -F
. Note that these format codes are extractor specific.
You can also use a file extension (currently 3gp
, aac
, flv
, m4a
, mp3
, mp4
, ogg
, wav
, webm
are supported) to download the best quality format of a particular file extension served as a single file, e.g. -f webm
will download the best quality format with the webm
extension served as a single file.
You can also use special names to select particular edge case formats:
best
: Select the best quality format represented by a single file with video and audio.worst
: Select the worst quality format represented by a single file with video and audio.bestvideo
: Select the best quality video-only format (e.g. DASH video). May not be available.worstvideo
: Select the worst quality video-only format. May not be available.bestaudio
: Select the best quality audio only-format. May not be available.worstaudio
: Select the worst quality audio only-format. May not be available.For example, to download the worst quality video-only format you can use -f worstvideo
.
If you want to download multiple videos and they don't have the same formats available, you can specify the order of preference using slashes. Note that slash is left-associative, i.e. formats on the left hand side are preferred, for example -f 22/17/18
will download format 22 if it's available, otherwise it will download format 17 if it's available, otherwise it will download format 18 if it's available, otherwise it will complain that no suitable formats are available for download.
If you want to download several formats of the same video use a comma as a separator, e.g. -f 22,17,18
will download all these three formats, of course if they are available. Or a more sophisticated example combined with the precedence feature: -f 136/137/mp4/bestvideo,140/m4a/bestaudio
.
You can also filter the video formats by putting a condition in brackets, as in -f "best[height=720]"
(or -f "[filesize>10M]"
).
The following numeric meta fields can be used with comparisons <
, <=
, >
, >=
, =
(equals), !=
(not equals):
filesize
: The number of bytes, if known in advancewidth
: Width of the video, if knownheight
: Height of the video, if knowntbr
: Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/sabr
: Average audio bitrate in KBit/svbr
: Average video bitrate in KBit/sasr
: Audio sampling rate in Hertzfps
: Frame rateAlso filtering work for comparisons =
(equals), !=
(not equals), ^=
(begins with), $=
(ends with), *=
(contains) and following string meta fields:
ext
: File extensionacodec
: Name of the audio codec in usevcodec
: Name of the video codec in usecontainer
: Name of the container formatprotocol
: The protocol that will be used for the actual download, lower-case (http
, https
, rtsp
, rtmp
, rtmpe
, mms
, f4m
, ism
, m3u8
, or m3u8_native
)format_id
: A short description of the formatNote that none of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by particular extractor, i.e. the metadata offered by the video hoster.
Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (?
) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so -f "[height <=? 720][tbr>500]"
selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 KBit/s.
You can merge the video and audio of two formats into a single file using -f <video-format>+<audio-format>
(requires ffmpeg or avconv installed), for example -f bestvideo+bestaudio
will download the best video-only format, the best audio-only format and mux them together with ffmpeg/avconv.
Format selectors can also be grouped using parentheses, for example if you want to download the best mp4 and webm formats with a height lower than 480 you can use -f '(mp4,webm)[height<480]'
.
Since the end of April 2015 and version 2015.04.26, youtube-dl uses -f bestvideo+bestaudio/best
as the default format selection (see #5447, #5456). If ffmpeg or avconv are installed this results in downloading bestvideo
and bestaudio
separately and muxing them together into a single file giving the best overall quality available. Otherwise it falls back to best
and results in downloading the best available quality served as a single file. best
is also needed for videos that don't come from YouTube because they don't provide the audio and video in two different files. If you want to only download some DASH formats (for example if you are not interested in getting videos with a resolution higher than 1080p), you can add -f bestvideo[height<=?1080]+bestaudio/best
to your configuration file. Note that if you use youtube-dl to stream to stdout
(and most likely to pipe it to your media player then), i.e. you explicitly specify output template as -o -
, youtube-dl still uses -f best
format selection in order to start content delivery immediately to your player and not to wait until bestvideo
and bestaudio
are downloaded and muxed.
If you want to preserve the old format selection behavior (prior to youtube-dl 2015.04.26), i.e. you want to download the best available quality media served as a single file, you should explicitly specify your choice with -f best
. You may want to add it to the configuration file in order not to type it every time you run youtube-dl.
# Download best mp4 format available or any other best if no mp4 available
$ youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo[ext=mp4]+bestaudio[ext=m4a]/best[ext=mp4]/best'
# Download best format available but not better that 480p
$ youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo[height<=480]+bestaudio/best[height<=480]'
# Download best video only format but no bigger than 50 MB
$ youtube-dl -f 'best[filesize<50M]'
# Download best format available via direct link over HTTP/HTTPS protocol
$ youtube-dl -f '(bestvideo+bestaudio/best)[protocol^=http]'
# Download the best video format and the best audio format without merging them
$ youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo,bestaudio' -o '%(title)s.f%(format_id)s.%(ext)s'
Note that in the last example, an output template is recommended as bestvideo and bestaudio may have the same file name.
Videos can be filtered by their upload date using the options --date
, --datebefore
or --dateafter
. They accept dates in two formats:
YYYYMMDD
.(now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)?
Examples:
# Download only the videos uploaded in the last 6 months
$ youtube-dl --dateafter now-6months
# Download only the videos uploaded on January 1, 1970
$ youtube-dl --date 19700101
$ # Download only the videos uploaded in the 200x decade
$ youtube-dl --dateafter 20000101 --datebefore 20091231
These interpreters run contrary to youtube-dl's aim to deliver freedom as a number 1 priority.
It was discovered in 2017 on the Trisquel GNU/Linux fora that youtu`be-dl included the quite unexpected functionality to run JavaScript. Further investigation by Grace Past revealed this to be a component of DRM on YouTube, meaning the non-free code sourced from YouTube is an unethical means to an unethical end. Thus, in order to provide you with control over your computer, such a sacrifice unfortunately must be made. Further research by rain1 has made the scope of this initial assessment more precise, suggesting that the interpreter is not as bad as perhaps thought, albeit still unacceptable and even plausibly a vector for exploits.
Similar reasoning applies to the other cases of interpreters for non-free software packaged with the parent. If any methods of addressing these issues arise that allow them to be attacked without compromising core values, they shall be promptly implemented; however, aside from such a possible workaround, it is avideo's aim to avoid compromising user freedom.
If you've followed our manual installation instructions for apt-based systems, simply run sudo apt update
to update. If you used the instructions for source packages, you will need to check the Downloads Page for the most recent version. If it is newer than what is installed, download the latest version and follow our manual installation instructions to install over the outdated variant.
If you have installed youtube-dl using a package manager like apt-get or yum, use the standard system update mechanism to update. Distribution packages may be outdated.
For installations made using pip, the command sudo pip install -U avideo
will update to the latest version.
As a last resort, you can also uninstall the version installed by your package manager and follow our manual installation instructions. For that, remove the distribution's package, with a line like
sudo apt-get remove -y youtube-dl
Afterwards, simply follow our manual installation instructions.
error: using output template conflicts with using title, video ID or auto number
Make sure you are not using -o
with any of these options -t
, --title
, --id
, -A
or --auto-number
set in command line or in a configuration file. Remove the latter if any.
-citw
?By default, youtube-dl intends to have the best options (incidentally, if you have a convincing case that these should be different, please file an issue where you explain that). Therefore, it is unnecessary and sometimes harmful to copy long option strings from webpages. In particular, the only option out of -citw
that is regularly useful is -i
.
Apparently YouTube requires you to pass a CAPTCHA test if you download too much. We're considering to provide a way to let you solve the CAPTCHA, but at the moment, your best course of action is pointing a web browser to the youtube URL, solving the CAPTCHA, and restart youtube-dl.
youtube-dl works fine on its own on most sites. However, if you want to convert video/audio, you'll need avconv or ffmpeg. On some sites - most notably YouTube - videos can be retrieved in a higher quality format without sound. youtube-dl will detect whether avconv/ffmpeg is present and automatically pick the best option.
Videos or video formats streamed via RTMP protocol can only be downloaded when rtmpdump is installed. Downloading MMS and RTSP videos requires either mplayer or mpv to be installed.
Once the video is fully downloaded, use any video player, such as mpv, vlc or mplayer.
-g
, but it does not play on another machine / in my web browser.It depends a lot on the service. In many cases, requests for the video (to download/play it) must come from the same IP address and with the same cookies and/or HTTP headers. Use the --cookies
option to write the required cookies into a file, and advise your downloader to read cookies from that file. Some sites also require a common user agent to be used, use --dump-user-agent
to see the one in use by youtube-dl. You can also get necessary cookies and HTTP headers from JSON output obtained with --dump-json
.
It may be beneficial to use IPv6; in some cases, the restrictions are only applied to IPv4. Some services (sometimes only for a subset of videos) do not restrict the video URL by IP address, cookie, or user-agent, but these are the exception rather than the rule.
Please bear in mind that some URL protocols are not supported by browsers out of the box, including RTMP. If you are using -g
, your own downloader must support these as well.
If you want to play the video on a machine that is not running youtube-dl, you can relay the video content from the machine that runs youtube-dl. You can use -o -
to let youtube-dl stream a video to stdout, or simply allow the player to download the files written by youtube-dl in turn.
[1] 2839
or 'v' is not recognized as an internal or external command
That's actually the output from your shell. Since ampersand is one of the special shell characters it's interpreted by the shell preventing you from passing the whole URL to youtube-dl. To disable your shell from interpreting the ampersands (or any other special characters) you have to either put the whole URL in quotes or escape them with a backslash (which approach will work depends on your shell).
For example if your URL is https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4&v=BaW_jenozKc you should end up with following command:
youtube-dl 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4&v=BaW_jenozKc'
or
youtube-dl https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4\&v=BaW_jenozKc
Youtube's DRM has prevented this software from obtaining the video URL
or iQiyi's non-free authentication algorithm has made login impossible
Either of these error messages indicates the service providing the video is demanding you run proprietary software.
YouTube applies what is termed signature encryption to some (mainly music) videos. In order to get the URL of the actual video, the video ID (the sequence of letters and numbers in the link to the video page) has to be unscrambled by the user using a script provided by YouTube. Although relatively menial, the code can be changed at any time by YouTube.
iQiyi requires some number-shifting in order to authenticate users. Like YouTube's signature extraction, this is performed by the client with a script from the service. The script is quite menial, but can be changed at any time by the service- preventing the user from knowing what it does.
If you encounter either of these errors, we recommend you contact the service you were using and express your discontent. There is currently no practical way to work around these issues whilst still ensuring the user possesses the four software freedoms they deserve, and so the services must change.
These two error codes indicate that the service is blocking your IP address because of overuse. Contact the service and ask them to unblock your IP address, or - if you have acquired a whitelisted IP address already - use the --proxy
or --source-address
options to select another IP address.
The error
File "youtube-dl", line 2
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\x93' ...
means you're using an outdated version of Python. Please update to Python 2.6 or 2.7.
Use the -o
to specify an output template, for example -o "/home/user/videos/%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s"
. If you want this for all of your downloads, put the option into your configuration file.
-
?Either prepend http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
or separate the ID from the options with --
:
youtube-dl -- -wNyEUrxzFU
youtube-dl "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wNyEUrxzFU"
Use the --cookies
option, for example --cookies /path/to/cookies/file.txt
.
In order to extract cookies from browser use any conforming browser extension for exporting cookies. For example, cookies.txt (for Chrome) or Export Cookies (for Firefox).
Note that the cookies file must be in Mozilla/Netscape format and the first line of the cookies file must be either # HTTP Cookie File
or # Netscape HTTP Cookie File
. Make sure you have correct newline format in the cookies file and convert newlines if necessary to correspond with your OS, namely LF
(\n
). HTTP Error 400: Bad Request
when using --cookies
is a good sign of invalid newline format.
Passing cookies to youtube-dl is a good way to workaround login when a particular extractor does not implement it explicitly. Another use case is working around CAPTCHA some websites require you to solve in particular cases in order to get access (e.g. YouTube, CloudFlare).
You will first need to tell youtube-dl to stream media to stdout with -o -
, and also tell your media player to read from stdin (it must be capable of this for streaming) and then pipe former to latter. For example, streaming to vlc can be achieved with:
youtube-dl -o - "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj" | vlc -
Use download-archive feature. With this feature you should initially download the complete playlist with --download-archive /path/to/download/archive/file.txt
that will record identifiers of all the videos in a special file. Each subsequent run with the same --download-archive
will download only new videos and skip all videos that have been downloaded before. Note that only successful downloads are recorded in the file.
For example, at first,
youtube-dl --download-archive archive.txt "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re"
will download the complete PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re
playlist and create a file archive.txt
. Each subsequent run will only download new videos if any:
youtube-dl --download-archive archive.txt "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re"
--hls-prefer-native
into my config?When youtube-dl detects an HLS video, it can download it either with the built-in downloader or ffmpeg. Since many HLS streams are slightly invalid and ffmpeg/youtube-dl each handle some invalid cases better than the other, there is an option to switch the downloader if needed.
When youtube-dl knows that one particular downloader works better for a given website, that downloader will be picked. Otherwise, youtube-dl will pick the best downloader for general compatibility, which at the moment happens to be ffmpeg. This choice may change in future versions of youtube-dl, with improvements of the built-in downloader and/or ffmpeg.
In particular, the generic extractor (used when your website is not in the list of supported sites by youtube-dl cannot mandate one specific downloader.
If you put either --hls-prefer-native
or --hls-prefer-ffmpeg
into your configuration, a different subset of videos will fail to download correctly. Instead, it is much better to file an issue or a pull request which details why the native or the ffmpeg HLS downloader is a better choice for your use case.
As a matter of legality, youtube-dl does not include support for services that specialize in infringing copyright. As a rule of thumb, if you cannot easily find a video that the service is quite obviously allowed to distribute (i.e. that has been uploaded by the creator, the creator's distributor, or is published under a free license), the service is probably unfit for inclusion to youtube-dl.
A note on the service that they don't host infringe, but just link to those who do, is evidence that the service should not be included into youtube-dl. The same goes for any DMCA note when the whole front page of the service is filled with videos they are not allowed to distribute. A "fair use" note is equally unconvincing if the service shows copyright-protected videos in full without authorization.
Support requests for services that do purchase the rights for distribution are perfectly fine though. If in doubt, you can simply include a source that mentions the legitimate purchase of hosted media.
(Also known as: Help, my important issue not being solved!) The youtube-dl core developer team is quite small. While we do our best to solve as many issues as possible, sometimes that can take quite a while. To speed up your issue, here's what you can do:
First of all, please do report the issue at our issue tracker. That allows us to coordinate all efforts by users and developers, and serves as a unified point. Unfortunately, the youtube-dl project has grown too large to use personal email as an effective communication channel.
Please read the bug reporting instructions below. A lot of bugs lack all the necessary information. If you can, offer proxy, VPN, or shell access to the youtube-dl developers. If you are able to, test the issue from multiple computers in multiple countries to exclude local censorship or misconfiguration issues.
If nobody is interested in solving your issue, you are welcome to take matters into your own hands and submit a pull request (or coerce/pay somebody else to do so).
Feel free to bump the issue from time to time by writing a small comment ("Issue is still present in youtube-dl version ...from France, but fixed from Belgium"), but please not more than once a month. Please do not declare your issue as important
or urgent
.
For one, have a look at the list of supported sites. Note that it can sometimes happen that the site changes its URL scheme (say, from http://example.com/video/1234567 to http://example.com/v/1234567 ) and youtube-dl reports an URL of a service in that list as unsupported. In that case, simply report a bug.
It is not possible to detect whether a URL is supported or not. That's because youtube-dl contains a generic extractor which matches all URLs. You may be tempted to disable, exclude, or remove the generic extractor, but the generic extractor not only allows users to extract videos from lots of websites that embed a video from another service, but may also be used to extract video from a service that it's hosting itself. Therefore, we neither recommend nor support disabling, excluding, or removing the generic extractor.
If you want to find out whether a given URL is supported, simply call youtube-dl with it. If you get no videos back, chances are the URL is either not referring to a video or unsupported. You can find out which by examining the output (if you run youtube-dl on the console) or catching an UnsupportedError
exception if you run it from a Python program.
Before we had the issue template, despite our extensive bug reporting instructions, about 80% of the issue reports we got were useless, for instance because people used ancient versions hundreds of releases old, because of simple syntactic errors (not in youtube-dl but in general shell usage), because the problem was already reported multiple times before, because people did not actually read an error message, even if it said "please install ffmpeg", because people did not mention the URL they were trying to download and many more simple, easy-to-avoid problems, many of whom were totally unrelated to youtube-dl.
youtube-dl is a free software project manned by too few volunteers, so we'd rather spend time fixing bugs where we are certain none of those simple problems apply, and where we can be reasonably confident to be able to reproduce the issue without asking the reporter repeatedly. As such, the output of youtube-dl -v YOUR_URL_HERE
is really all that's required to file an issue. The issue template also guides you through some basic steps you can do, such as checking that your version of youtube-dl is current.
To run the program as a developer, you don't need to build anything. Simply execute
python -m youtube_dl
To run the test, simply invoke your favorite test runner, or execute a test file directly; any of the following work:
python -m unittest discover
python test/test_download.py
nosetests
If you want to create a build of youtube-dl yourself, you'll need
For information on contributing, please see the Developer Documentation.
Although they aren't strictly enforced, avideo asks that all developers aim to comply with the GNU coding conventions.
youtube-dl makes the best effort to be a good command-line program, and thus should be callable from any programming language. If you encounter any problems parsing its output, feel free to create a report.
From a Python program, you can embed youtube-dl in a more powerful fashion, like this:
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import youtube_dl
ydl_opts = {}
with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
ydl.download(['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'])
Most likely, you'll want to use various options. For a list of options available, have a look at youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py
(TODO: Find somewhere to host the tarball opened). For a start, if you want to intercept youtube-dl's output, set a logger
object.
Here's a more complete example of a program that outputs only errors (and a short message after the download is finished), and downloads/converts the video to an mp3 file:
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import youtube_dl
class MyLogger(object):
def debug(self, msg):
pass
def warning(self, msg):
pass
def error(self, msg):
print(msg)
def my_hook(d):
if d['status'] == 'finished':
print('Done downloading, now converting ...')
ydl_opts = {
'format': 'bestaudio/best',
'postprocessors': [{
'key': 'FFmpegExtractAudio',
'preferredcodec': 'mp3',
'preferredquality': '192',
}],
'logger': MyLogger(),
'progress_hooks': [my_hook],
}
with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
ydl.download(['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'])
Bugs and suggestions should be reported at: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues. Unless you were prompted to or there is another pertinent reason (e.g. GitHub fails to accept the bug report), please do not send bug reports via personal email.
Please include the full output of youtube-dl when run with -v
, i.e. add -v
flag to your command line, copy the whole output and post it in the issue body wrapped in ``` for better formatting. It should look similar to this:
$ youtube-dl -v <your command line>
[debug] System config: []
[debug] User config: []
[debug] Command-line args: [u'-v', u'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj']
[debug] Encodings: locale cp1251, fs mbcs, out cp866, pref cp1251
[debug] youtube-dl version 2015.12.06
[debug] Git HEAD: 135392e
[debug] Python version 2.6.6 - Windows-2003Server-5.2.3790-SP2
[debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-75573-g1d0487f, ffprobe N-75573-g1d0487f, rtmpdump 2.4
[debug] Proxy map: {}
...
Do not post screenshots of verbose logs; only plain text is acceptable.
The output (including the first lines) contains important debugging information. Issues without the full output are often not reproducible and therefore do not get solved in short order, if ever.
Please re-read your issue once again to avoid a couple of common mistakes (you can and should use this as a checklist):
We often get issue reports that we cannot really decipher. While in most cases we eventually get the required information after asking back multiple times, this poses an unnecessary drain on our resources. Many contributors, including myself, are also not native speakers, so we may misread some parts.
So please elaborate on what feature you are requesting, or what bug you want to be fixed. Make sure that it's obvious
If your report is shorter than two lines, it is almost certainly missing some of these, which makes it hard for us to respond to it. We're often too polite to close the issue outright, but the missing info makes misinterpretation likely. As a committer myself, I often get frustrated by these issues, since the only possible way for me to move forward on them is to ask for clarification over and over.
For bug reports, this means that your report should contain the complete output of youtube-dl when called with the -v
flag. The error message you get for (most) bugs even says so, but you would not believe how many of our bug reports do not contain this information.
If your server has multiple IPs or you suspect censorship, adding --call-home
may be a good idea to get more diagnostics. If the error is ERROR: Unable to extract ...
and you cannot reproduce it from multiple countries, add --dump-pages
(warning: this will yield a rather large output, redirect it to the file log.txt
by adding >log.txt 2>&1
to your command-line) or upload the .dump
files you get when you add --write-pages
somewhere (TODO: am I libre?).
Site support requests must contain an example URL. An example URL is a URL you might want to download, like http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
. There should be an obvious video present. Except under very special circumstances, the main page of a video service (e.g. http://www.youtube.com/
) is not an example URL.
Before logging any issue, check that the version reported by youtube-dl -v
is listed as the latest on the Downloads Page. About 20% of the reports we receive are already fixed, but people are using outdated versions. This goes for feature requests as well.
Make sure that someone has not already opened the issue you're trying to open. Search at the top of the window or browse the Issues of this repository. If there is an issue, feel free to write something along the lines of "This affects me as well, with version 2015.01.01. Here is some more information on the issue: ...". While some issues may be old, a new post into them often spurs rapid activity.
Before requesting a new feature, please have a quick peek at the list of supported options. Many feature requests are for features that actually exist already! Please, absolutely do show off your work in the issue report and detail how the existing similar options do not solve your problem.
People want to solve problems, and often think they do us a favor by breaking down their larger problems (e.g. wanting to skip already downloaded files) to a specific request (e.g. requesting us to look whether the file exists before downloading the info page). However, what often happens is that they break down the problem into two steps: One simple, and one impossible (or extremely complicated one).
We are then presented with a very complicated request when the original problem could be solved far easier, e.g. by recording the downloaded video IDs in a separate file. To avoid this, you must include the greater context where it is non-obvious. In particular, every feature request that does not consist of adding support for a new site should contain a use case scenario that explains in what situation the missing feature would be useful.
Some of our users seem to think there is a limit of issues they can or should open. There is no limit of issues they can or should open. While it may seem appealing to be able to dump all your issues into one ticket, that means that someone who solves one of your issues cannot mark the issue as closed. Typically, reporting a bunch of issues leads to the ticket lingering since nobody wants to attack that behemoth, until someone mercifully splits the issue into multiple ones.
In particular, every site support request issue should only pertain to services at one site (generally under a common domain, but always using the same backend technology). Do not request support for vimeo user videos, White house podcasts, and Google Plus pages in the same issue. Also, make sure that you don't post bug reports alongside feature requests. As a rule of thumb, a feature request does not include outputs of youtube-dl that are not immediately related to the feature at hand. Do not post reports of a network error alongside the request for a new video service.
Only post features that you (or an incapacitated friend you can personally talk to) require. Do not post features because they seem like a good idea. If they are really useful, they will be requested by someone who requires them.
It may sound strange, but some bug reports we receive are completely unrelated to youtube-dl and relate to a different, or even the reporter's own, application. Please make sure that you are actually using youtube-dl. If you are using a UI for youtube-dl, report the bug to the maintainer of the actual application providing the UI. On the other hand, if your UI for youtube-dl fails in some way you believe is related to youtube-dl, by all means, go ahead and report the bug.
youtube-dl is released by the copyright holders under the GPLv3 as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.