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  1. <TeXmacs|2.1>
  2. <style|generic>
  3. <\body>
  4. <center|Version 1.3, 3 November 2008>
  5. Copyright \<copyright\> 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software
  6. Foundation, Inc. \<less\><hlink|https://fsf.org/|https://fsf.org/>\<gtr\>
  7. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
  8. license document, but changing it is not allowed.
  9. <section*|<label|fdlsection0>0. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Preamble>>
  10. The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
  11. functional and useful document \Pfree\Q in the sense of freedom: to assure
  12. everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
  13. modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this
  14. License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for
  15. their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made
  16. by others.
  17. This License is a kind of \Pcopyleft\Q, which means that derivative works
  18. of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements
  19. the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for
  20. free software.
  21. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
  22. software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
  23. should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
  24. does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used
  25. for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
  26. published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
  27. works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
  28. <section*|<label|fdlsection1>1. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Applicability
  29. and definitions>>
  30. This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
  31. contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
  32. distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
  33. world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work
  34. under the conditions stated herein. The \PDocument\Q, below, refers to any
  35. such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
  36. addressed as \Pyou\Q. You accept the license if you copy, modify or
  37. distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.
  38. A \PModified Version\Q of the Document means any work containing the
  39. Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications
  40. and/or translated into another language.
  41. A \PSecondary Section\Q is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
  42. the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers
  43. or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
  44. matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall
  45. subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a
  46. Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could
  47. be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related
  48. matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political
  49. position regarding them.
  50. The \PInvariant Sections\Q are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are
  51. designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says
  52. that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit
  53. the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated
  54. as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the
  55. Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
  56. The \PCover Texts\Q are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
  57. Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
  58. Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most
  59. 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
  60. A \PTransparent\Q copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
  61. represented in a format whose specification is available to the general
  62. public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with
  63. generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint
  64. programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that
  65. is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a
  66. variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an
  67. otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
  68. been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is
  69. not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any
  70. substantial amount of text. A copy that is not \PTransparent\Q is called
  71. \POpaque\Q.
  72. Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
  73. without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using
  74. a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript
  75. or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image
  76. formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary
  77. formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors,
  78. SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
  79. available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by
  80. some word processors for output purposes only.
  81. The \PTitle Page\Q means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus
  82. such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
  83. License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do
  84. not have any title page as such, \PTitle Page\Q means the text near the
  85. most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of
  86. the body of the text.
  87. The \Ppublisher\Q means any person or entity that distributes copies of the
  88. Document to the public.
  89. A section \PEntitled XYZ\Q means a named subunit of the Document whose
  90. title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text
  91. that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific
  92. section name mentioned below, such as\P`Acknowledgements\Q,
  93. \PDedications\Q, \PEndorsements\Q, or \PHistory\Q.) To \PPreserve the
  94. Title\Q of such a section when you modify the Document means that it
  95. remains a section \PEntitled XYZ\Q according to this definition.
  96. The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
  97. states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
  98. Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but
  99. only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these
  100. Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of
  101. this License.
  102. <section*|<label|fdlsection2>2. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Verbatim
  103. copying>>
  104. You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
  105. or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and
  106. the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are
  107. reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever
  108. to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
  109. control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
  110. distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If
  111. you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
  112. conditions in section 3.
  113. You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
  114. may publicly display copies.
  115. <section*|<label|fdlsection3>3. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Copying in
  116. quantity>>
  117. If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
  118. printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
  119. Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies
  120. in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
  121. Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
  122. cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
  123. publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with
  124. all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other
  125. material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the
  126. covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy
  127. these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
  128. If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
  129. you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
  130. actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
  131. If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
  132. than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along
  133. with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
  134. computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
  135. access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
  136. Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
  137. latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
  138. distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
  139. copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
  140. year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through
  141. your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
  142. It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
  143. Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
  144. them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
  145. <section*|<label|fdlsection4>4. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Modifications>>
  146. You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
  147. conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
  148. Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
  149. filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
  150. modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In
  151. addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
  152. <\enumerate-Alpha>
  153. <item>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
  154. from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which
  155. should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the
  156. Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the
  157. original publisher of that version gives permission.
  158. <item>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
  159. responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
  160. together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all
  161. of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release
  162. you from this requirement.
  163. <item>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
  164. Version, as the publisher.
  165. <item>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
  166. <item>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent
  167. to the other copyright notices.
  168. <item>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
  169. giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms
  170. of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
  171. <item>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
  172. Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
  173. <item>Include an unaltered copy of this License.
  174. <item>Preserve the section Entitled \PHistory\Q, Preserve its Title, and
  175. add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
  176. publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is
  177. no section Entitled \PHistory\Q in the Document, create one stating the
  178. title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title
  179. Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
  180. previous sentence.
  181. <item>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
  182. public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
  183. network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
  184. based on. These may be placed in the \PHistory\Q section. You may omit a
  185. network location for a work that was published at least four years before
  186. the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it
  187. refers to gives permission.
  188. <item>For any section Entitled \PAcknowledgements\Q or \PDedications\Q,
  189. Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
  190. substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
  191. dedications given therein.
  192. <item>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
  193. their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
  194. considered part of the section titles.
  195. <item>Delete any section Entitled \PEndorsements\Q. Such a section may
  196. not be included in the Modified Version.
  197. <item>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled \PEndorsements\Q
  198. or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
  199. <item>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
  200. </enumerate-Alpha>
  201. If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
  202. that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
  203. Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as
  204. invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections
  205. in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct
  206. from any other section titles.
  207. You may add a section Entitled \PEndorsements\Q, provided it contains
  208. nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties\Vfor
  209. example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an
  210. organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
  211. You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
  212. passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
  213. Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
  214. and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made
  215. by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the
  216. same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
  217. entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
  218. replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
  219. that added the old one.
  220. The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
  221. permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
  222. endorsement of any Modified Version.
  223. <section*|<label|fdlsection5>5. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Combining
  224. documents>>
  225. You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
  226. License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
  227. provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections
  228. of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as
  229. Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that
  230. you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
  231. The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
  232. identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
  233. are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
  234. make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
  235. parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
  236. if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
  237. titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
  238. combined work.
  239. In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled \PHistory\Q in
  240. the various original documents, forming one section Entitled \PHistory\Q;
  241. likewise combine any sections Entitled \PAcknowledgement\Q, and any
  242. sections Entitled \PDedications\Q. You must delete all sections Entitled
  243. \PEndorsement\Q.
  244. <section*|<label|fdlsection6>6. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Collections of
  245. documents>>
  246. You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
  247. released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
  248. License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the
  249. collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim
  250. copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
  251. You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it
  252. individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License
  253. into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects
  254. regarding verbatim copying of that document.
  255. <section*|<label|fdlsection7>7. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Aggregation
  256. with independent works>>
  257. A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
  258. independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
  259. distribution medium, is called an \Paggregate\Q if the copyright resulting
  260. from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the
  261. compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the
  262. Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the
  263. other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of
  264. the Document.
  265. If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of
  266. the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
  267. aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket
  268. the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers
  269. if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on
  270. printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
  271. <section*|<label|fdlsection8>8. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Translation>>
  272. Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
  273. translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
  274. Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their
  275. copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all
  276. Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant
  277. Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the
  278. license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided
  279. that you also include the original English version of this License and the
  280. original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
  281. disagreement between the translation and the original version of this
  282. License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
  283. If a section in the Document is Entitled \PAcknowledgements\Q,
  284. \PDedications\Q, or \PHistory\Q, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
  285. its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.
  286. <section*|<label|fdlsection9>9. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Termination>>
  287. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
  288. expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy,
  289. modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically
  290. terminate your rights under this License.
  291. However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from
  292. a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and
  293. until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license,
  294. and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the
  295. violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
  296. Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
  297. permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some
  298. reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of
  299. violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and
  300. you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
  301. Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
  302. licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this
  303. License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
  304. reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not
  305. give you any rights to use it.
  306. <section*|<label|fdlsection10>10. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Future
  307. revisions of this license>>
  308. The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
  309. Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
  310. similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
  311. address new problems or concerns. See <hlink|https://www.gnu.org/licenses/|https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  312. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
  313. the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
  314. \Por any later version\Q applies to it, you have the option of following
  315. the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later
  316. version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software
  317. Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this
  318. License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
  319. Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide
  320. which future versions of this License can be used, that proxy's public
  321. statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose
  322. that version for the Document.
  323. <section*|<label|fdlsection11>11. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Relicensing>>
  324. \PMassive Multiauthor Collaboration Site\Q (or \PMMC Site\Q) means any
  325. World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides
  326. prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that
  327. anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A \PMassive Multiauthor
  328. Collaboration\Q (or \PMMC\Q) contained in the site means any set of
  329. copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.
  330. \PCC-BY-SA\Q means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license
  331. published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation
  332. with a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as
  333. future copyleft versions of that license published by that same
  334. organization.
  335. \PIncorporate\Q means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in
  336. part, as part of another Document.
  337. An MMC is \Peligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this
  338. License, and if all works that were first published under this License
  339. somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in
  340. part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2)
  341. were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
  342. The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
  343. under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided
  344. the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
  345. <section*|<label|fdladdendum><with|font-shape|small-caps|Addendum>: How to
  346. use this License for your documents>
  347. To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
  348. License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
  349. just after the title page:
  350. <\code>
  351. \ \ \ \ Copyright (C) \ YEAR \ YOUR NAME.
  352. \ \ \ \ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
  353. document
  354. \ \ \ \ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
  355. 1.3
  356. \ \ \ \ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  357. \ \ \ \ with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no
  358. Back-Cover Texts.
  359. \ \ \ \ A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
  360. \ \ \ \ Free Documentation License".
  361. </code>
  362. If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
  363. replace the \Pwith \<ldots\> Texts.\Q line with this:
  364. <\code>
  365. \ \ \ \ with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
  366. \ \ \ \ Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being
  367. LIST.
  368. </code>
  369. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
  370. combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
  371. situation.
  372. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
  373. releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software
  374. license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in
  375. free software.
  376. </body>
  377. <\initial>
  378. <\collection>
  379. <associate|preamble|false>
  380. <associate|save-aux|false>
  381. </collection>
  382. </initial>