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- <TeXmacs|2.1>
- <style|generic>
- <\body>
- <center|Version 1.3, 3 November 2008>
- Copyright \<copyright\> 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software
- Foundation, Inc. \<less\><hlink|https://fsf.org/|https://fsf.org/>\<gtr\>
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
- license document, but changing it is not allowed.
- <section*|<label|fdlsection0>0. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Preamble>>
- The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
- functional and useful document \Pfree\Q in the sense of freedom: to assure
- everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
- modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this
- License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for
- their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made
- by others.
- This License is a kind of \Pcopyleft\Q, which means that derivative works
- of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements
- the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for
- free software.
- We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
- software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
- should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
- does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used
- for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
- published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
- works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
- <section*|<label|fdlsection1>1. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Applicability
- and definitions>>
- This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
- contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
- distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
- world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work
- under the conditions stated herein. The \PDocument\Q, below, refers to any
- such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
- addressed as \Pyou\Q. You accept the license if you copy, modify or
- distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.
- A \PModified Version\Q of the Document means any work containing the
- Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications
- and/or translated into another language.
- A \PSecondary Section\Q is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
- the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers
- or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
- matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall
- subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a
- Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could
- be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related
- matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political
- position regarding them.
- The \PInvariant Sections\Q are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are
- designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says
- that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit
- the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated
- as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the
- Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
- The \PCover Texts\Q are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
- Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
- Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most
- 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
- A \PTransparent\Q copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
- represented in a format whose specification is available to the general
- public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with
- generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint
- programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that
- is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a
- variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an
- otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
- been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is
- not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any
- substantial amount of text. A copy that is not \PTransparent\Q is called
- \POpaque\Q.
- Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
- without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using
- a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript
- or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image
- formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary
- formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors,
- SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
- available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by
- some word processors for output purposes only.
- The \PTitle Page\Q means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus
- such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
- License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do
- not have any title page as such, \PTitle Page\Q means the text near the
- most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of
- the body of the text.
- The \Ppublisher\Q means any person or entity that distributes copies of the
- Document to the public.
- A section \PEntitled XYZ\Q means a named subunit of the Document whose
- title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text
- that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific
- section name mentioned below, such as\P`Acknowledgements\Q,
- \PDedications\Q, \PEndorsements\Q, or \PHistory\Q.) To \PPreserve the
- Title\Q of such a section when you modify the Document means that it
- remains a section \PEntitled XYZ\Q according to this definition.
- The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
- states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
- Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but
- only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these
- Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of
- this License.
- <section*|<label|fdlsection2>2. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Verbatim
- copying>>
- You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
- or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and
- the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are
- reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever
- to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
- control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
- distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If
- you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
- conditions in section 3.
- You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
- may publicly display copies.
- <section*|<label|fdlsection3>3. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Copying in
- quantity>>
- If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
- printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
- Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies
- in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
- Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
- cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
- publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with
- all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other
- material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the
- covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy
- these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
- If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
- you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
- actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
- If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
- than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along
- with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
- computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
- access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
- Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
- latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
- distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
- copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
- year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through
- your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
- It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
- Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
- them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
- <section*|<label|fdlsection4>4. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Modifications>>
- You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
- conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
- Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
- filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
- modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In
- addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
- <\enumerate-Alpha>
- <item>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
- from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which
- should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the
- Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the
- original publisher of that version gives permission.
- <item>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
- responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
- together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all
- of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release
- you from this requirement.
- <item>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
- Version, as the publisher.
- <item>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
- <item>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent
- to the other copyright notices.
- <item>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
- giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms
- of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
- <item>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
- Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
- <item>Include an unaltered copy of this License.
- <item>Preserve the section Entitled \PHistory\Q, Preserve its Title, and
- add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
- publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is
- no section Entitled \PHistory\Q in the Document, create one stating the
- title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title
- Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
- previous sentence.
- <item>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
- public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
- network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
- based on. These may be placed in the \PHistory\Q section. You may omit a
- network location for a work that was published at least four years before
- the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it
- refers to gives permission.
- <item>For any section Entitled \PAcknowledgements\Q or \PDedications\Q,
- Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
- substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
- dedications given therein.
- <item>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
- their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
- considered part of the section titles.
- <item>Delete any section Entitled \PEndorsements\Q. Such a section may
- not be included in the Modified Version.
- <item>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled \PEndorsements\Q
- or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
- <item>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
- </enumerate-Alpha>
- If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
- that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
- Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as
- invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections
- in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct
- from any other section titles.
- You may add a section Entitled \PEndorsements\Q, provided it contains
- nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties\Vfor
- example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an
- organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
- You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
- passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
- Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
- and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made
- by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the
- same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
- entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
- replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
- that added the old one.
- The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
- permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
- endorsement of any Modified Version.
- <section*|<label|fdlsection5>5. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Combining
- documents>>
- You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
- License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
- provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections
- of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as
- Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that
- you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
- The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
- identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
- are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
- make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
- parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
- if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
- titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
- combined work.
- In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled \PHistory\Q in
- the various original documents, forming one section Entitled \PHistory\Q;
- likewise combine any sections Entitled \PAcknowledgement\Q, and any
- sections Entitled \PDedications\Q. You must delete all sections Entitled
- \PEndorsement\Q.
- <section*|<label|fdlsection6>6. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Collections of
- documents>>
- You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
- released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
- License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the
- collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim
- copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
- You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it
- individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License
- into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects
- regarding verbatim copying of that document.
- <section*|<label|fdlsection7>7. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Aggregation
- with independent works>>
- A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
- independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
- distribution medium, is called an \Paggregate\Q if the copyright resulting
- from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the
- compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the
- Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the
- other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of
- the Document.
- If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of
- the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
- aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket
- the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers
- if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on
- printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
- <section*|<label|fdlsection8>8. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Translation>>
- Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
- translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
- Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their
- copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all
- Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant
- Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the
- license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided
- that you also include the original English version of this License and the
- original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
- disagreement between the translation and the original version of this
- License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
- If a section in the Document is Entitled \PAcknowledgements\Q,
- \PDedications\Q, or \PHistory\Q, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
- its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.
- <section*|<label|fdlsection9>9. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Termination>>
- You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
- expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy,
- modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically
- terminate your rights under this License.
- However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from
- a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and
- until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license,
- and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the
- violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
- Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
- permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some
- reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of
- violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and
- you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
- Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
- licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this
- License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
- reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not
- give you any rights to use it.
- <section*|<label|fdlsection10>10. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Future
- revisions of this license>>
- The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
- Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
- similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
- address new problems or concerns. See <hlink|https://www.gnu.org/licenses/|https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
- the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
- \Por any later version\Q applies to it, you have the option of following
- the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later
- version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software
- Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this
- License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
- Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide
- which future versions of this License can be used, that proxy's public
- statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose
- that version for the Document.
- <section*|<label|fdlsection11>11. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Relicensing>>
- \PMassive Multiauthor Collaboration Site\Q (or \PMMC Site\Q) means any
- World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides
- prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that
- anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A \PMassive Multiauthor
- Collaboration\Q (or \PMMC\Q) contained in the site means any set of
- copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.
- \PCC-BY-SA\Q means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license
- published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation
- with a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as
- future copyleft versions of that license published by that same
- organization.
- \PIncorporate\Q means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in
- part, as part of another Document.
- An MMC is \Peligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this
- License, and if all works that were first published under this License
- somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in
- part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2)
- were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
- The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
- under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided
- the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
- <section*|<label|fdladdendum><with|font-shape|small-caps|Addendum>: How to
- use this License for your documents>
- To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
- License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
- just after the title page:
- <\code>
- \ \ \ \ Copyright (C) \ YEAR \ YOUR NAME.
- \ \ \ \ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
- document
- \ \ \ \ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
- 1.3
- \ \ \ \ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
- \ \ \ \ with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no
- Back-Cover Texts.
- \ \ \ \ A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
- \ \ \ \ Free Documentation License".
- </code>
- If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
- replace the \Pwith \<ldots\> Texts.\Q line with this:
- <\code>
- \ \ \ \ with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
- \ \ \ \ Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being
- LIST.
- </code>
- If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
- combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
- situation.
- If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
- releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software
- license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in
- free software.
- </body>
- <\initial>
- <\collection>
- <associate|preamble|false>
- <associate|save-aux|false>
- </collection>
- </initial>
|