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  14. <H2><A NAME="s4">4. GNU Free Documentation License</A> </H2>
  15. <P>Version 1.1, March 2000
  16. <P>Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  17. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
  18. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  19. of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
  20. <H2><A NAME="ss4.1">4.1 PREAMBLE</A>
  21. </H2>
  22. <P>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook,
  23. or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
  24. assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
  25. with or without modifying it, either commercially or
  26. noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
  27. author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
  28. being considered responsible for modifications made by
  29. others.
  30. <P>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that
  31. derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the
  32. same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which
  33. is a copyleft license designed for free software.
  34. <P>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals
  35. for free software, because free software needs free documentation:
  36. a free program should come with manuals providing the same
  37. freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited
  38. to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,
  39. regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
  40. printed book. We recommend this License principally for works
  41. whose purpose is instruction or reference.
  42. <H2><A NAME="ss4.2">4.2 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</A>
  43. </H2>
  44. <P>This License applies to any manual or other work that
  45. contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
  46. distributed under the terms of this License. The "Document",
  47. below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the
  48. public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".
  49. <P>A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work
  50. containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
  51. verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
  52. language.
  53. <P>A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter
  54. section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
  55. relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
  56. Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains
  57. nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
  58. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of
  59. mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.)
  60. The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with
  61. the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
  62. philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
  63. them.
  64. <P>The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections
  65. whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections,
  66. in the notice that says that the Document is released under this
  67. License.
  68. <P>The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that
  69. are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the
  70. notice that says that the Document is released under this
  71. License.
  72. <P>A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a
  73. machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification
  74. is available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed
  75. and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text
  76. editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs
  77. or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that
  78. is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic
  79. translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
  80. formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
  81. whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent
  82. modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not
  83. "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
  84. <P>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include
  85. plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
  86. format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
  87. standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification.
  88. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that
  89. can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML
  90. or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
  91. available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word
  92. processors for output purposes only.
  93. <P>The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page
  94. itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly,
  95. the material this License requires to appear in the title page.
  96. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such,
  97. "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of
  98. the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
  99. text.
  100. <H2><A NAME="ss4.3">4.3 VERBATIM COPYING</A>
  101. </H2>
  102. <P>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
  103. either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
  104. License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this
  105. License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and
  106. that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
  107. License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
  108. control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
  109. distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for
  110. copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
  111. must also follow the conditions in section 3.
  112. <P>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
  113. above, and you may publicly display copies.
  114. <H2><A NAME="ss4.4">4.4 COPYING IN QUANTITY</A>
  115. </H2>
  116. <P>If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more
  117. than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts,
  118. you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and
  119. legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front
  120. cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must
  121. also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these
  122. copies. The front cover must present the full title with all
  123. words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
  124. other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes
  125. limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
  126. Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
  127. copying in other respects.
  128. <P>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to
  129. fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
  130. reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
  131. adjacent pages.
  132. <P>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
  133. numbering more than 100, you must either include a
  134. machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or
  135. state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible
  136. computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy
  137. of the Document, free of added material, which the general
  138. network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
  139. charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the
  140. latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you
  141. begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that
  142. this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
  143. location until at least one year after the last time you
  144. distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or
  145. retailers) of that edition to the public.
  146. <P>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
  147. authors of the Document well before redistributing any large
  148. number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an
  149. updated version of the Document.
  150. <H2><A NAME="ss4.5">4.5 MODIFICATIONS</A>
  151. </H2>
  152. <P>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the
  153. Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided
  154. that you release the Modified Version under precisely this
  155. License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the
  156. Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
  157. Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition,
  158. you must do these things in the Modified Version:
  159. <P>
  160. <UL>
  161. <LI>Use in the Title Page
  162. (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
  163. Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
  164. there were any, be listed in the History section of the
  165. Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if
  166. the original publisher of that version gives permission.</LI>
  167. <LI>List on the Title Page,
  168. as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for
  169. authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
  170. together with at least five of the principal authors of the
  171. Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than
  172. five).</LI>
  173. <LI>State on the Title page
  174. the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the
  175. publisher.</LI>
  176. <LI>Preserve all the
  177. copyright notices of the Document.</LI>
  178. <LI>Add an appropriate
  179. copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other
  180. copyright notices.</LI>
  181. <LI>Include, immediately
  182. after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public
  183. permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
  184. License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.</LI>
  185. <LI>Preserve in that license
  186. notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover
  187. Texts given in the Document's license notice.</LI>
  188. <LI>Include an unaltered
  189. copy of this License.</LI>
  190. <LI>Preserve the section
  191. entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item stating
  192. at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
  193. Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no
  194. section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating
  195. the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given
  196. on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
  197. Version as stated in the previous sentence.</LI>
  198. <LI>Preserve the network
  199. location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a
  200. Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
  201. locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
  202. based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You
  203. may omit a network location for a work that was published at
  204. least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
  205. publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.</LI>
  206. <LI>In any section entitled
  207. "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the section's
  208. title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
  209. each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications
  210. given therein.</LI>
  211. <LI>Preserve all the
  212. Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and
  213. in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
  214. considered part of the section titles.</LI>
  215. <LI>Delete any section
  216. entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in
  217. the Modified Version.</LI>
  218. <LI>Do not retitle any
  219. existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with
  220. any Invariant Section.</LI>
  221. </UL>
  222. <P>
  223. <P>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections
  224. or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
  225. material copied from the Document, you may at your option
  226. designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this,
  227. add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
  228. Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any
  229. other section titles.
  230. <P>You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it
  231. contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by
  232. various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that
  233. the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
  234. definition of a standard.
  235. <P>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover
  236. Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the
  237. end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one
  238. passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
  239. added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
  240. Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
  241. previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity
  242. you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
  243. replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
  244. publisher that added the old one.
  245. <P>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by
  246. this License give permission to use their names for publicity for
  247. or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
  248. <H2><A NAME="ss4.6">4.6 COMBINING DOCUMENTS</A>
  249. </H2>
  250. <P>You may combine the Document with other documents released
  251. under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
  252. modified versions, provided that you include in the combination
  253. all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
  254. unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
  255. combined work in its license notice.
  256. <P>The combined work need only contain one copy of this
  257. License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced
  258. with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with
  259. the same name but different contents, make the title of each such
  260. section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the
  261. name of the original author or publisher of that section if known,
  262. or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
  263. titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of
  264. the combined work.
  265. <P>In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
  266. "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
  267. entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled
  268. "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You
  269. must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."
  270. <H2><A NAME="ss4.7">4.7 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</A>
  271. </H2>
  272. <P>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
  273. other documents released under this License, and replace the
  274. individual copies of this License in the various documents with a
  275. single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you
  276. follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of
  277. the documents in all other respects.
  278. <P>You may extract a single document from such a collection,
  279. and distribute it individually under this License, provided you
  280. insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and
  281. follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim
  282. copying of that document.
  283. <H2><A NAME="ss4.8">4.8 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</A>
  284. </H2>
  285. <P>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
  286. separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
  287. a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a
  288. Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation
  289. copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is
  290. called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the
  291. other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on
  292. account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
  293. derivative works of the Document.
  294. <P>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to
  295. these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than
  296. one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts
  297. may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
  298. aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
  299. aggregate.
  300. <H2><A NAME="ss4.9">4.9 TRANSLATION</A>
  301. </H2>
  302. <P>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
  303. distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
  304. 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires
  305. special permission from their copyright holders, but you may
  306. include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition
  307. to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may
  308. include a translation of this License provided that you also
  309. include the original English version of this License. In case of
  310. a disagreement between the translation and the original English
  311. version of this License, the original English version will
  312. prevail.
  313. <H2><A NAME="ss4.10">4.10 TERMINATION</A>
  314. </H2>
  315. <P>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
  316. Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any
  317. other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the
  318. Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights
  319. under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or
  320. rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
  321. terminated so long as such parties remain in full
  322. compliance.
  323. <H2><A NAME="ss4.11">4.11 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</A>
  324. </H2>
  325. <P>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
  326. versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.
  327. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present
  328. version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
  329. concerns. See
  330. <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</A>.
  331. <P>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
  332. version number. If the Document specifies that a particular
  333. numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to
  334. it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions
  335. either of that specified version or of any later version that has
  336. been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
  337. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
  338. you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
  339. Free Software Foundation.
  340. <H2><A NAME="ss4.12">4.12 How to use this License for your documents</A>
  341. </H2>
  342. <P>To use this License in a document you have written, include
  343. a copy of the License in the document and put the following
  344. copyright and license notices just after the title page:
  345. <P><CODE>Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
  346. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  347. under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
  348. or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  349. with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
  350. Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
  351. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
  352. Free Documentation License".</CODE>
  353. <P>If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant
  354. Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have
  355. no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
  356. "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover
  357. Texts.
  358. <P>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
  359. code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your
  360. choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public
  361. License, to permit their use in free software.
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