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      <h1 class="title">Source Code Filters</h1>
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    <ul class="simple simple-toc" id="toc-list">
  <li><a class="reference" id="usage_toc" href="#usage">Usage</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" id="pipe-operator_toc" href="#pipe-operator">Pipe operator</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" id="available-filters_toc" href="#available-filters">Available filters</a></li>
<ul class="simple"><li><a class="reference" id="available-filters-replace-filter_toc" href="#available-filters-replace-filter">Replace filter</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" id="available-filters-strip-filter_toc" href="#available-filters-strip-filter">Strip filter</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" id="available-filters-stdtmpl-filter_toc" href="#available-filters-stdtmpl-filter">StdTmpl filter</a></li>
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    <a href="https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/tree/devel/doc/filters.md#L1" class="link-seesrc" target="_blank">Source</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/edit/devel/doc/filters.md#L1" class="link-seesrc" target="_blank" >Edit</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

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    <p class="module-desc"><p>A <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Source Code Filter (SCF)</span></tt>  transforms the input character stream to an in-memory output stream before parsing. A filter can be used to provide templating systems or preprocessors.</p>
<p>To use a filter for a source file the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#?</span></tt> notation is used:</p>
<pre>#? stdtmpl(subsChar = '$', metaChar = '#')
#proc generateXML(name, age: string): string =
#  result = &quot;&quot;
&lt;xml&gt;
  &lt;name&gt;$name&lt;/name&gt;
  &lt;age&gt;$age&lt;/age&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;</pre>
<p>As the example shows, passing arguments to a filter can be done just like an ordinary procedure call with named or positional arguments. The available parameters depend on the invoked filter. Before version 0.12.0 of the language <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#!</span></tt> was used instead of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#?</span></tt>.</p>
<p><strong>Hint:</strong> With <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre option">--hint:codeBegin:on</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre option">--verbosity:2</span></tt> (or higher) while compiling or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><span class="program">nim</span> <span class="option">check</span></span></tt>, Nim lists the processed code after each filter application.</p>

<h1><a class="toc-backref" id="usage" href="#usage">Usage</a></h1><p>First, put your SCF code in a separate file with filters specified in the first line. <strong>Note:</strong> You can name your SCF file with any file extension you want, but the conventional extension is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.nimf</span></tt> (it used to be <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.tmpl</span></tt> but that was too generic, for example preventing github to recognize it as Nim source file).</p>
<p>If we use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">generateXML</span></tt> code shown above and call the SCF file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">xmlGen.nimf</span></tt> In your <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">main.nim</span></tt>:</p>
<p><pre class="listing"><span class="Keyword">include</span> <span class="StringLit">&quot;xmlGen.nimf&quot;</span>

<span class="Identifier">echo</span> <span class="Identifier">generateXML</span><span class="Punctuation">(</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;John Smith&quot;</span><span class="Punctuation">,</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;42&quot;</span><span class="Punctuation">)</span></pre></p>

<h1><a class="toc-backref" id="pipe-operator" href="#pipe-operator">Pipe operator</a></h1><p>Filters can be combined with the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">|</span></tt> pipe operator:</p>
<pre>#? strip(startswith=&quot;&lt;&quot;) | stdtmpl
#proc generateXML(name, age: string): string =
#  result = &quot;&quot;
&lt;xml&gt;
  &lt;name&gt;$name&lt;/name&gt;
  &lt;age&gt;$age&lt;/age&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;</pre>

<h1><a class="toc-backref" id="available-filters" href="#available-filters">Available filters</a></h1>
<h2><a class="toc-backref" id="available-filters-replace-filter" href="#available-filters-replace-filter">Replace filter</a></h2><p>The replace filter replaces substrings in each line.</p>
<p>Parameters and their defaults:</p>
<ul class="simple"><li><dl class="docutils"><dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sub: string = &quot;&quot;</span></tt></dt>
<dd>the substring that is searched for</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="docutils"><dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">by: string = &quot;&quot;</span></tt></dt>
<dd>the string the substring is replaced with</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>

<h2><a class="toc-backref" id="available-filters-strip-filter" href="#available-filters-strip-filter">Strip filter</a></h2><p>The strip filter simply removes leading and trailing whitespace from each line.</p>
<p>Parameters and their defaults:</p>
<ul class="simple"><li><dl class="docutils"><dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">startswith: string = &quot;&quot;</span></tt></dt>
<dd>strip only the lines that start with <em>startswith</em> (ignoring leading whitespace). If empty every line is stripped.</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="docutils"><dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">leading: bool = true</span></tt></dt>
<dd>strip leading whitespace</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="docutils"><dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">trailing: bool = true</span></tt></dt>
<dd>strip trailing whitespace</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>

<h2><a class="toc-backref" id="available-filters-stdtmpl-filter" href="#available-filters-stdtmpl-filter">StdTmpl filter</a></h2><p>The stdtmpl filter provides a simple templating engine for Nim. The filter uses a line based parser: Lines prefixed with a <em>meta character</em> (default: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#</span></tt>) contain Nim code, other lines are verbatim. Because indentation-based parsing is not suited for a templating engine, control flow statements need <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">end X</span></tt> delimiters.</p>
<p>Parameters and their defaults:</p>
<ul class="simple"><li><dl class="docutils"><dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">metaChar: char = '#'</span></tt></dt>
<dd>prefix for a line that contains Nim code</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="docutils"><dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">subsChar: char = '$'</span></tt></dt>
<dd>prefix for a Nim expression within a template line</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="docutils"><dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">conc: string = &quot; &amp; &quot;</span></tt></dt>
<dd>the operation for concatenation</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="docutils"><dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">emit: string = &quot;result.add&quot;</span></tt></dt>
<dd>the operation to emit a string literal</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="docutils"><dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">toString: string = &quot;$&quot;</span></tt></dt>
<dd>the operation that is applied to each expression</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre>#? stdtmpl | standard
#proc generateHTMLPage(title, currentTab, content: string,
#                      tabs: openArray[string]): string =
#  result = &quot;&quot;
&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;$title&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body&gt;
  &lt;div id=&quot;menu&quot;&gt;
    &lt;ul&gt;
  #for tab in items(tabs):
    #if currentTab == tab:
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a id=&quot;selected&quot;
    #else:
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a
    #end if
    href=&quot;${tab}.html&quot;&gt;$tab&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  #end for
    &lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div id=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
    $content
    A dollar: $$.
  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
<p>The filter transforms this into:</p>
<p><pre class="listing"><span class="Keyword">proc</span> <span class="Identifier">generateHTMLPage</span><span class="Punctuation">(</span><span class="Identifier">title</span><span class="Punctuation">,</span> <span class="Identifier">currentTab</span><span class="Punctuation">,</span> <span class="Identifier">content</span><span class="Punctuation">:</span> <span class="Identifier">string</span><span class="Punctuation">,</span>
                      <span class="Identifier">tabs</span><span class="Punctuation">:</span> <span class="Identifier">openArray</span><span class="Punctuation">[</span><span class="Identifier">string</span><span class="Punctuation">]</span><span class="Punctuation">)</span><span class="Punctuation">:</span> <span class="Identifier">string</span> <span class="Operator">=</span>
  <span class="Identifier">result</span> <span class="Operator">=</span> <span class="StringLit">&quot;&quot;</span>
  <span class="Identifier">result</span><span class="Operator">.</span><span class="Identifier">add</span><span class="Punctuation">(</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span> <span class="Operator">$</span><span class="Punctuation">(</span><span class="Identifier">title</span><span class="Punctuation">)</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span> <span class="StringLit">&quot;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span>
    <span class="StringLit">&quot;&lt;body&gt;</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span>
    <span class="StringLit">&quot;  &lt;div id=</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\&quot;</span><span class="StringLit">menu</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\&quot;</span><span class="StringLit">&gt;</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span>
    <span class="StringLit">&quot;    &lt;ul&gt;</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span><span class="Punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="Keyword">for</span> <span class="Identifier">tab</span> <span class="Keyword">in</span> <span class="Identifier">items</span><span class="Punctuation">(</span><span class="Identifier">tabs</span><span class="Punctuation">)</span><span class="Punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="Keyword">if</span> <span class="Identifier">currentTab</span> <span class="Operator">==</span> <span class="Identifier">tab</span><span class="Punctuation">:</span>
      <span class="Identifier">result</span><span class="Operator">.</span><span class="Identifier">add</span><span class="Punctuation">(</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a id=</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\&quot;</span><span class="StringLit">selected</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\&quot;</span><span class="StringLit"> </span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span><span class="Punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="Keyword">else</span><span class="Punctuation">:</span>
      <span class="Identifier">result</span><span class="Operator">.</span><span class="Identifier">add</span><span class="Punctuation">(</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span><span class="Punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="Comment">#end</span>
    <span class="Identifier">result</span><span class="Operator">.</span><span class="Identifier">add</span><span class="Punctuation">(</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;    href=</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\&quot;</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span> <span class="Operator">$</span><span class="Punctuation">(</span><span class="Identifier">tab</span><span class="Punctuation">)</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span> <span class="StringLit">&quot;.html</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\&quot;</span><span class="StringLit">&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span> <span class="Operator">$</span><span class="Punctuation">(</span><span class="Identifier">tab</span><span class="Punctuation">)</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span> <span class="StringLit">&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span><span class="Punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="Comment">#end</span>
  <span class="Identifier">result</span><span class="Operator">.</span><span class="Identifier">add</span><span class="Punctuation">(</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;    &lt;/ul&gt;</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span>
    <span class="StringLit">&quot;  &lt;/div&gt;</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span>
    <span class="StringLit">&quot;  &lt;div id=</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\&quot;</span><span class="StringLit">content</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\&quot;</span><span class="StringLit">&gt;</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span>
    <span class="StringLit">&quot;    &quot;</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span> <span class="Operator">$</span><span class="Punctuation">(</span><span class="Identifier">content</span><span class="Punctuation">)</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span> <span class="StringLit">&quot;</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span>
    <span class="StringLit">&quot;    A dollar: $.</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span>
    <span class="StringLit">&quot;  &lt;/div&gt;</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span> <span class="Operator">&amp;</span>
    <span class="StringLit">&quot;&lt;/body&gt;</span><span class="EscapeSequence">\n</span><span class="StringLit">&quot;</span><span class="Punctuation">)</span></pre></p>
<p>Each line that does not start with the meta character (ignoring leading whitespace) is converted to a string literal that is added to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result</span></tt>.</p>
<p>The substitution character introduces a Nim expression <em>e</em> within the string literal. <em>e</em> is converted to a string with the <em>toString</em> operation which defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$</span></tt>. For strong type checking, set <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">toString</span></tt> to the empty string. <em>e</em> must match this PEG pattern:</p>
<pre>e &lt;- [a-zA-Z\128-\255][a-zA-Z0-9\128-\255_.]* / '{' x '}'
x &lt;- '{' x+ '}' / [^}]*</pre>
<p>To produce a single substitution character it has to be doubled: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$$</span></tt> produces <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$</span></tt>.</p>
<p>The template engine is quite flexible. It is easy to produce a procedure that writes the template code directly to a file:</p>
<pre>#? stdtmpl(emit=&quot;f.write&quot;) | standard
#proc writeHTMLPage(f: File, title, currentTab, content: string,
#                   tabs: openArray[string]) =
&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;$title&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body&gt;
  &lt;div id=&quot;menu&quot;&gt;
    &lt;ul&gt;
  #for tab in items(tabs):
    #if currentTab == tab:
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a id=&quot;selected&quot;
    #else:
    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a
    #end if
    href=&quot;${tab}.html&quot; title = &quot;$title - $tab&quot;&gt;$tab&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  #end for
    &lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div id=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
    $content
    A dollar: $$.
  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
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