bitstream.h 18 KB

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  1. /* ******************************************************************
  2. * bitstream
  3. * Part of FSE library
  4. * Copyright (c) 2013-2020, Yann Collet, Facebook, Inc.
  5. *
  6. * You can contact the author at :
  7. * - Source repository : https://github.com/Cyan4973/FiniteStateEntropy
  8. *
  9. * This source code is licensed under both the BSD-style license (found in the
  10. * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree) and the GPLv2 (found
  11. * in the COPYING file in the root directory of this source tree).
  12. * You may select, at your option, one of the above-listed licenses.
  13. ****************************************************************** */
  14. #ifndef BITSTREAM_H_MODULE
  15. #define BITSTREAM_H_MODULE
  16. #if defined (__cplusplus)
  17. extern "C" {
  18. #endif
  19. /*
  20. * This API consists of small unitary functions, which must be inlined for best performance.
  21. * Since link-time-optimization is not available for all compilers,
  22. * these functions are defined into a .h to be included.
  23. */
  24. /*-****************************************
  25. * Dependencies
  26. ******************************************/
  27. #include "mem.h" /* unaligned access routines */
  28. #include "compiler.h" /* UNLIKELY() */
  29. #include "debug.h" /* assert(), DEBUGLOG(), RAWLOG() */
  30. #include "error_private.h" /* error codes and messages */
  31. /*=========================================
  32. * Target specific
  33. =========================================*/
  34. #ifndef ZSTD_NO_INTRINSICS
  35. # if defined(__BMI__) && defined(__GNUC__)
  36. # include <immintrin.h> /* support for bextr (experimental) */
  37. # elif defined(__ICCARM__)
  38. # include <intrinsics.h>
  39. # endif
  40. #endif
  41. #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32 25
  42. #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_64 57
  43. #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN ((U32)(MEM_32bits() ? STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32 : STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_64))
  44. /*-******************************************
  45. * bitStream encoding API (write forward)
  46. ********************************************/
  47. /* bitStream can mix input from multiple sources.
  48. * A critical property of these streams is that they encode and decode in **reverse** direction.
  49. * So the first bit sequence you add will be the last to be read, like a LIFO stack.
  50. */
  51. typedef struct {
  52. size_t bitContainer;
  53. unsigned bitPos;
  54. char* startPtr;
  55. char* ptr;
  56. char* endPtr;
  57. } BIT_CStream_t;
  58. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, void* dstBuffer, size_t dstCapacity);
  59. MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, size_t value, unsigned nbBits);
  60. MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
  61. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_closeCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
  62. /* Start with initCStream, providing the size of buffer to write into.
  63. * bitStream will never write outside of this buffer.
  64. * `dstCapacity` must be >= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer), otherwise @return will be an error code.
  65. *
  66. * bits are first added to a local register.
  67. * Local register is size_t, hence 64-bits on 64-bits systems, or 32-bits on 32-bits systems.
  68. * Writing data into memory is an explicit operation, performed by the flushBits function.
  69. * Hence keep track how many bits are potentially stored into local register to avoid register overflow.
  70. * After a flushBits, a maximum of 7 bits might still be stored into local register.
  71. *
  72. * Avoid storing elements of more than 24 bits if you want compatibility with 32-bits bitstream readers.
  73. *
  74. * Last operation is to close the bitStream.
  75. * The function returns the final size of CStream in bytes.
  76. * If data couldn't fit into `dstBuffer`, it will return a 0 ( == not storable)
  77. */
  78. /*-********************************************
  79. * bitStream decoding API (read backward)
  80. **********************************************/
  81. typedef struct {
  82. size_t bitContainer;
  83. unsigned bitsConsumed;
  84. const char* ptr;
  85. const char* start;
  86. const char* limitPtr;
  87. } BIT_DStream_t;
  88. typedef enum { BIT_DStream_unfinished = 0,
  89. BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer = 1,
  90. BIT_DStream_completed = 2,
  91. BIT_DStream_overflow = 3 } BIT_DStream_status; /* result of BIT_reloadDStream() */
  92. /* 1,2,4,8 would be better for bitmap combinations, but slows down performance a bit ... :( */
  93. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, const void* srcBuffer, size_t srcSize);
  94. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits);
  95. MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD);
  96. MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_endOfDStream(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD);
  97. /* Start by invoking BIT_initDStream().
  98. * A chunk of the bitStream is then stored into a local register.
  99. * Local register size is 64-bits on 64-bits systems, 32-bits on 32-bits systems (size_t).
  100. * You can then retrieve bitFields stored into the local register, **in reverse order**.
  101. * Local register is explicitly reloaded from memory by the BIT_reloadDStream() method.
  102. * A reload guarantee a minimum of ((8*sizeof(bitD->bitContainer))-7) bits when its result is BIT_DStream_unfinished.
  103. * Otherwise, it can be less than that, so proceed accordingly.
  104. * Checking if DStream has reached its end can be performed with BIT_endOfDStream().
  105. */
  106. /*-****************************************
  107. * unsafe API
  108. ******************************************/
  109. MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, size_t value, unsigned nbBits);
  110. /* faster, but works only if value is "clean", meaning all high bits above nbBits are 0 */
  111. MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
  112. /* unsafe version; does not check buffer overflow */
  113. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBitsFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits);
  114. /* faster, but works only if nbBits >= 1 */
  115. /*-**************************************************************
  116. * Internal functions
  117. ****************************************************************/
  118. MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_highbit32 (U32 val)
  119. {
  120. assert(val != 0);
  121. {
  122. # if defined(_MSC_VER) /* Visual */
  123. # if STATIC_BMI2 == 1
  124. return _lzcnt_u32(val) ^ 31;
  125. # else
  126. unsigned long r = 0;
  127. return _BitScanReverse(&r, val) ? (unsigned)r : 0;
  128. # endif
  129. # elif defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ >= 3) /* Use GCC Intrinsic */
  130. return __builtin_clz (val) ^ 31;
  131. # elif defined(__ICCARM__) /* IAR Intrinsic */
  132. return 31 - __CLZ(val);
  133. # else /* Software version */
  134. static const unsigned DeBruijnClz[32] = { 0, 9, 1, 10, 13, 21, 2, 29,
  135. 11, 14, 16, 18, 22, 25, 3, 30,
  136. 8, 12, 20, 28, 15, 17, 24, 7,
  137. 19, 27, 23, 6, 26, 5, 4, 31 };
  138. U32 v = val;
  139. v |= v >> 1;
  140. v |= v >> 2;
  141. v |= v >> 4;
  142. v |= v >> 8;
  143. v |= v >> 16;
  144. return DeBruijnClz[ (U32) (v * 0x07C4ACDDU) >> 27];
  145. # endif
  146. }
  147. }
  148. /*===== Local Constants =====*/
  149. static const unsigned BIT_mask[] = {
  150. 0, 1, 3, 7, 0xF, 0x1F,
  151. 0x3F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0x1FF, 0x3FF, 0x7FF,
  152. 0xFFF, 0x1FFF, 0x3FFF, 0x7FFF, 0xFFFF, 0x1FFFF,
  153. 0x3FFFF, 0x7FFFF, 0xFFFFF, 0x1FFFFF, 0x3FFFFF, 0x7FFFFF,
  154. 0xFFFFFF, 0x1FFFFFF, 0x3FFFFFF, 0x7FFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFF, 0x1FFFFFFF,
  155. 0x3FFFFFFF, 0x7FFFFFFF}; /* up to 31 bits */
  156. #define BIT_MASK_SIZE (sizeof(BIT_mask) / sizeof(BIT_mask[0]))
  157. /*-**************************************************************
  158. * bitStream encoding
  159. ****************************************************************/
  160. /*! BIT_initCStream() :
  161. * `dstCapacity` must be > sizeof(size_t)
  162. * @return : 0 if success,
  163. * otherwise an error code (can be tested using ERR_isError()) */
  164. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
  165. void* startPtr, size_t dstCapacity)
  166. {
  167. bitC->bitContainer = 0;
  168. bitC->bitPos = 0;
  169. bitC->startPtr = (char*)startPtr;
  170. bitC->ptr = bitC->startPtr;
  171. bitC->endPtr = bitC->startPtr + dstCapacity - sizeof(bitC->bitContainer);
  172. if (dstCapacity <= sizeof(bitC->bitContainer)) return ERROR(dstSize_tooSmall);
  173. return 0;
  174. }
  175. /*! BIT_addBits() :
  176. * can add up to 31 bits into `bitC`.
  177. * Note : does not check for register overflow ! */
  178. MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
  179. size_t value, unsigned nbBits)
  180. {
  181. DEBUG_STATIC_ASSERT(BIT_MASK_SIZE == 32);
  182. assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
  183. assert(nbBits + bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
  184. bitC->bitContainer |= (value & BIT_mask[nbBits]) << bitC->bitPos;
  185. bitC->bitPos += nbBits;
  186. }
  187. /*! BIT_addBitsFast() :
  188. * works only if `value` is _clean_,
  189. * meaning all high bits above nbBits are 0 */
  190. MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
  191. size_t value, unsigned nbBits)
  192. {
  193. assert((value>>nbBits) == 0);
  194. assert(nbBits + bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
  195. bitC->bitContainer |= value << bitC->bitPos;
  196. bitC->bitPos += nbBits;
  197. }
  198. /*! BIT_flushBitsFast() :
  199. * assumption : bitContainer has not overflowed
  200. * unsafe version; does not check buffer overflow */
  201. MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
  202. {
  203. size_t const nbBytes = bitC->bitPos >> 3;
  204. assert(bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
  205. assert(bitC->ptr <= bitC->endPtr);
  206. MEM_writeLEST(bitC->ptr, bitC->bitContainer);
  207. bitC->ptr += nbBytes;
  208. bitC->bitPos &= 7;
  209. bitC->bitContainer >>= nbBytes*8;
  210. }
  211. /*! BIT_flushBits() :
  212. * assumption : bitContainer has not overflowed
  213. * safe version; check for buffer overflow, and prevents it.
  214. * note : does not signal buffer overflow.
  215. * overflow will be revealed later on using BIT_closeCStream() */
  216. MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
  217. {
  218. size_t const nbBytes = bitC->bitPos >> 3;
  219. assert(bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
  220. assert(bitC->ptr <= bitC->endPtr);
  221. MEM_writeLEST(bitC->ptr, bitC->bitContainer);
  222. bitC->ptr += nbBytes;
  223. if (bitC->ptr > bitC->endPtr) bitC->ptr = bitC->endPtr;
  224. bitC->bitPos &= 7;
  225. bitC->bitContainer >>= nbBytes*8;
  226. }
  227. /*! BIT_closeCStream() :
  228. * @return : size of CStream, in bytes,
  229. * or 0 if it could not fit into dstBuffer */
  230. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_closeCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
  231. {
  232. BIT_addBitsFast(bitC, 1, 1); /* endMark */
  233. BIT_flushBits(bitC);
  234. if (bitC->ptr >= bitC->endPtr) return 0; /* overflow detected */
  235. return (bitC->ptr - bitC->startPtr) + (bitC->bitPos > 0);
  236. }
  237. /*-********************************************************
  238. * bitStream decoding
  239. **********************************************************/
  240. /*! BIT_initDStream() :
  241. * Initialize a BIT_DStream_t.
  242. * `bitD` : a pointer to an already allocated BIT_DStream_t structure.
  243. * `srcSize` must be the *exact* size of the bitStream, in bytes.
  244. * @return : size of stream (== srcSize), or an errorCode if a problem is detected
  245. */
  246. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, const void* srcBuffer, size_t srcSize)
  247. {
  248. if (srcSize < 1) { ZSTD_memset(bitD, 0, sizeof(*bitD)); return ERROR(srcSize_wrong); }
  249. bitD->start = (const char*)srcBuffer;
  250. bitD->limitPtr = bitD->start + sizeof(bitD->bitContainer);
  251. if (srcSize >= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)) { /* normal case */
  252. bitD->ptr = (const char*)srcBuffer + srcSize - sizeof(bitD->bitContainer);
  253. bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr);
  254. { BYTE const lastByte = ((const BYTE*)srcBuffer)[srcSize-1];
  255. bitD->bitsConsumed = lastByte ? 8 - BIT_highbit32(lastByte) : 0; /* ensures bitsConsumed is always set */
  256. if (lastByte == 0) return ERROR(GENERIC); /* endMark not present */ }
  257. } else {
  258. bitD->ptr = bitD->start;
  259. bitD->bitContainer = *(const BYTE*)(bitD->start);
  260. switch(srcSize)
  261. {
  262. case 7: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[6]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 16);
  263. /* fall-through */
  264. case 6: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[5]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 24);
  265. /* fall-through */
  266. case 5: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[4]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 32);
  267. /* fall-through */
  268. case 4: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[3]) << 24;
  269. /* fall-through */
  270. case 3: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[2]) << 16;
  271. /* fall-through */
  272. case 2: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[1]) << 8;
  273. /* fall-through */
  274. default: break;
  275. }
  276. { BYTE const lastByte = ((const BYTE*)srcBuffer)[srcSize-1];
  277. bitD->bitsConsumed = lastByte ? 8 - BIT_highbit32(lastByte) : 0;
  278. if (lastByte == 0) return ERROR(corruption_detected); /* endMark not present */
  279. }
  280. bitD->bitsConsumed += (U32)(sizeof(bitD->bitContainer) - srcSize)*8;
  281. }
  282. return srcSize;
  283. }
  284. MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getUpperBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const start)
  285. {
  286. return bitContainer >> start;
  287. }
  288. MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getMiddleBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const start, U32 const nbBits)
  289. {
  290. U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitContainer)*8 - 1;
  291. /* if start > regMask, bitstream is corrupted, and result is undefined */
  292. assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
  293. return (bitContainer >> (start & regMask)) & BIT_mask[nbBits];
  294. }
  295. MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getLowerBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const nbBits)
  296. {
  297. #if defined(STATIC_BMI2) && STATIC_BMI2 == 1
  298. return _bzhi_u64(bitContainer, nbBits);
  299. #else
  300. assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
  301. return bitContainer & BIT_mask[nbBits];
  302. #endif
  303. }
  304. /*! BIT_lookBits() :
  305. * Provides next n bits from local register.
  306. * local register is not modified.
  307. * On 32-bits, maxNbBits==24.
  308. * On 64-bits, maxNbBits==56.
  309. * @return : value extracted */
  310. MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_lookBits(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
  311. {
  312. /* arbitrate between double-shift and shift+mask */
  313. #if 1
  314. /* if bitD->bitsConsumed + nbBits > sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8,
  315. * bitstream is likely corrupted, and result is undefined */
  316. return BIT_getMiddleBits(bitD->bitContainer, (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8) - bitD->bitsConsumed - nbBits, nbBits);
  317. #else
  318. /* this code path is slower on my os-x laptop */
  319. U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 1;
  320. return ((bitD->bitContainer << (bitD->bitsConsumed & regMask)) >> 1) >> ((regMask-nbBits) & regMask);
  321. #endif
  322. }
  323. /*! BIT_lookBitsFast() :
  324. * unsafe version; only works if nbBits >= 1 */
  325. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_lookBitsFast(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
  326. {
  327. U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 1;
  328. assert(nbBits >= 1);
  329. return (bitD->bitContainer << (bitD->bitsConsumed & regMask)) >> (((regMask+1)-nbBits) & regMask);
  330. }
  331. MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR void BIT_skipBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
  332. {
  333. bitD->bitsConsumed += nbBits;
  334. }
  335. /*! BIT_readBits() :
  336. * Read (consume) next n bits from local register and update.
  337. * Pay attention to not read more than nbBits contained into local register.
  338. * @return : extracted value. */
  339. MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_readBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits)
  340. {
  341. size_t const value = BIT_lookBits(bitD, nbBits);
  342. BIT_skipBits(bitD, nbBits);
  343. return value;
  344. }
  345. /*! BIT_readBitsFast() :
  346. * unsafe version; only works only if nbBits >= 1 */
  347. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBitsFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits)
  348. {
  349. size_t const value = BIT_lookBitsFast(bitD, nbBits);
  350. assert(nbBits >= 1);
  351. BIT_skipBits(bitD, nbBits);
  352. return value;
  353. }
  354. /*! BIT_reloadDStreamFast() :
  355. * Similar to BIT_reloadDStream(), but with two differences:
  356. * 1. bitsConsumed <= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 must hold!
  357. * 2. Returns BIT_DStream_overflow when bitD->ptr < bitD->limitPtr, at this
  358. * point you must use BIT_reloadDStream() to reload.
  359. */
  360. MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStreamFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD)
  361. {
  362. if (UNLIKELY(bitD->ptr < bitD->limitPtr))
  363. return BIT_DStream_overflow;
  364. assert(bitD->bitsConsumed <= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8);
  365. bitD->ptr -= bitD->bitsConsumed >> 3;
  366. bitD->bitsConsumed &= 7;
  367. bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr);
  368. return BIT_DStream_unfinished;
  369. }
  370. /*! BIT_reloadDStream() :
  371. * Refill `bitD` from buffer previously set in BIT_initDStream() .
  372. * This function is safe, it guarantees it will not read beyond src buffer.
  373. * @return : status of `BIT_DStream_t` internal register.
  374. * when status == BIT_DStream_unfinished, internal register is filled with at least 25 or 57 bits */
  375. MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD)
  376. {
  377. if (bitD->bitsConsumed > (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8)) /* overflow detected, like end of stream */
  378. return BIT_DStream_overflow;
  379. if (bitD->ptr >= bitD->limitPtr) {
  380. return BIT_reloadDStreamFast(bitD);
  381. }
  382. if (bitD->ptr == bitD->start) {
  383. if (bitD->bitsConsumed < sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8) return BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer;
  384. return BIT_DStream_completed;
  385. }
  386. /* start < ptr < limitPtr */
  387. { U32 nbBytes = bitD->bitsConsumed >> 3;
  388. BIT_DStream_status result = BIT_DStream_unfinished;
  389. if (bitD->ptr - nbBytes < bitD->start) {
  390. nbBytes = (U32)(bitD->ptr - bitD->start); /* ptr > start */
  391. result = BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer;
  392. }
  393. bitD->ptr -= nbBytes;
  394. bitD->bitsConsumed -= nbBytes*8;
  395. bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr); /* reminder : srcSize > sizeof(bitD->bitContainer), otherwise bitD->ptr == bitD->start */
  396. return result;
  397. }
  398. }
  399. /*! BIT_endOfDStream() :
  400. * @return : 1 if DStream has _exactly_ reached its end (all bits consumed).
  401. */
  402. MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_endOfDStream(const BIT_DStream_t* DStream)
  403. {
  404. return ((DStream->ptr == DStream->start) && (DStream->bitsConsumed == sizeof(DStream->bitContainer)*8));
  405. }
  406. #if defined (__cplusplus)
  407. }
  408. #endif
  409. #endif /* BITSTREAM_H_MODULE */