kitty/docs/build.rst

Build from source
==================

.. image:: https://github.com/kovidgoyal/kitty/workflows/CI/badge.svg
  :alt: Build status
  :target: https://github.com/kovidgoyal/kitty/actions?query=workflow%3ACI

.. note::
   If you just want to test the latest changes to kitty, you don't need to build
   from source. Instead install the :ref:`latest nightly build <nightly>`.

.. highlight:: sh

|kitty| is designed to run from source, for easy hack-ability. All you need to
get started is a C compiler and the `go compiler
<https://go.dev/doc/install>`__. After installing those, run the following commands::

    git clone https://github.com/kovidgoyal/kitty.git && cd kitty
    ./dev.sh build

That's it, kitty will be built from source, magically. You can run it as
:file:`kitty/launcher/kitty`.

This works, because the :code:`./dev.sh build` command downloads all the major
dependencies of kitty as pre-built binaries for your platform and builds kitty
to use these rather than system libraries. The few required system libraries
are mostly X11 and DBUS on Linux, as can be seen in the `linux-dev
<https://github.com/kovidgoyal/kitty/blob/master/.github/workflows/ci.yml>`__
CI job.

If you make changes to kitty code, simply re-run :code:`./dev.sh build`
to build kitty with your changes.

.. note::
   If you plan to run kitty from source long-term, there are a couple of
   caveats to be aware of. You should occasionally run ``./dev.sh deps``
   to have the dependencies re-downloaded as they are updated periodically.
   Also, the built kitty executable assumes it will find source in whatever
   directory you first ran :code:`./dev.sh build` in. If you move/rename the
   directory, run :code:`make clean && ./dev.sh build`. You should also create
   symlinks to the :file:`kitty` and :file:`kitten` binaries from somewhere
   in your PATH so that they can be conveniently launched.

.. note::
   On macOS, you can use :file:`kitty/launcher/kitty.app` to run kitty as well,
   but note that this is an unsigned kitty.app so some functionality such as
   notifications will not work as Apple disallows this.  If you need this
   functionality, you can try signing the built :file:`kitty.app` with a self
   signed certificate, see for example, `here
   <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27474751/how-can-i-codesign-an-app-without-being-in-the-mac-developer-program/27474942>`__.

Building in debug mode
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The following will build with debug symbols::

    ./dev.sh build --debug

To build with sanitizers and debug symbols::

    ./dev.sh build --debug --sanitize

For more help on the various options supported by the build script::

    ./dev.sh build -h


Building the documentation
-------------------------------------

To have the kitty documentation available locally, run::

    ./dev.sh deps -for-docs && ./dev.sh docs

To develop the docs, with live reloading, use::

    ./dev.sh deps -for-docs && ./dev.sh docs -live-reload

Dependencies
----------------

These dependencies are needed when building against system libraries only.

Run-time dependencies:

* ``python`` >= 3.8
* ``harfbuzz`` >= 2.2.0
* ``zlib``
* ``libpng``
* ``liblcms2``
* ``libxxhash``
* ``openssl``
* ``freetype`` (not needed on macOS)
* ``fontconfig`` (not needed on macOS)
* ``libcanberra`` (not needed on macOS)
* ``libsystemd`` (optional, not needed on non systemd systems)
* ``ImageMagick`` (optional, needed to display uncommon image formats in the terminal)


Build-time dependencies:

* ``gcc`` or ``clang``
* ``simde``
* ``go`` >= _build_go_version (see :file:`go.mod` for go packages used during building)
* ``pkg-config``
* Symbols NERD Font Mono either installed system-wide or placed in :file:`fonts/SymbolsNerdFontMono-Regular.ttf`
* For building on Linux in addition to the above dependencies you might also
  need to install the following packages, if they are not already installed by
  your distro:

  - ``libdbus-1-dev``
  - ``libxcursor-dev``
  - ``libxrandr-dev``
  - ``libxi-dev``
  - ``libxinerama-dev``
  - ``libgl1-mesa-dev``
  - ``libxkbcommon-x11-dev``
  - ``libfontconfig-dev``
  - ``libx11-xcb-dev``
  - ``liblcms2-dev``
  - ``libssl-dev``
  - ``libpython3-dev``
  - ``libxxhash-dev``
  - ``libsimde-dev``


Build and run from source with Nix
-------------------------------------------

On NixOS or any other Linux or macOS system with the Nix package manager
installed, execute `nix-shell
<https://nixos.org/guides/nix-pills/developing-with-nix-shell.html>`__ to create
the correct environment to build kitty or use ``nix-shell --pure`` instead to
eliminate most of the influence of the outside system, e.g. globally installed
packages. ``nix-shell`` will automatically fetch all required dependencies and
make them available in the newly spawned shell.

Then proceed with ``make`` or ``make app`` according to the platform specific
instructions above.

.. _packagers:

Notes for Linux/macOS packagers
----------------------------------

The released |kitty| source code is available as a `tarball`_ from
`the GitHub releases page <https://github.com/kovidgoyal/kitty/releases>`__.

While |kitty| does use Python, it is not a traditional Python package, so please
do not install it in site-packages.
Instead run::

    make linux-package

This will install |kitty| into the directory :file:`linux-package`. You can run
|kitty| with :file:`linux-package/bin/kitty`. All the files needed to run kitty
will be in :file:`linux-package/lib/kitty`. The terminfo file will be installed
into :file:`linux-package/share/terminfo`. Simply copy these files into
:file:`/usr` to install |kitty|. In other words, :file:`linux-package` is the
staging area into which |kitty| is installed. You can choose a different staging
area, by passing the ``--prefix`` argument to :file:`setup.py`.

You should probably split |kitty| into three packages:

:code:`kitty-terminfo`
    Installs the terminfo file

:code:`kitty-shell-integration`
    Installs the shell integration scripts (the contents of the
    shell-integration directory in the kitty source code), probably to
    :file:`/usr/share/kitty/shell-integration`

:code:`kitty`
    Installs the main program

This allows users to install the terminfo and shell integration files on
servers into which they ssh, without needing to install all of |kitty|. The
shell integration files **must** still be present in
:file:`lib/kitty/shell-integration` when installing the kitty main package as
the kitty program expects to find them there.

.. note::
   You need a couple of extra dependencies to build linux-package. :file:`tic`
   to compile terminfo files, usually found in the development package of
   :file:`ncurses`. Also, if you are building from a git checkout instead of the
   released source code tarball, you will need to install the dependencies from
   :file:`docs/requirements.txt` to build the kitty documentation. They can be
   installed most easily with ``python -m pip -r docs/requirements.txt``.

This applies to creating packages for |kitty| for macOS package managers such as
Homebrew or MacPorts as well.

Cross compilation
-------------------

While cross compilation is neither officially supported, nor recommended, as it
means the test suite cannot be run for the cross compiled build, there is some
support for cross compilation. Basically, run::

    make prepare-for-cross-compile

Then setup the cross compile environment (CC, CFLAGS, PATH, etc.) and run::

    make cross-compile

This will create the cross compiled build in the :file:`linux-package`
directory.