/*
 * Telnet backend.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>

#include "putty.h"

#define IAC     255                    /* interpret as command: */
#define DONT    254                    /* you are not to use option */
#define DO      253                    /* please, you use option */
#define WONT    252                    /* I won't use option */
#define WILL    251                    /* I will use option */
#define SB      250                    /* interpret as subnegotiation */
#define SE      240                    /* end sub negotiation */

#define GA      249                    /* you may reverse the line */
#define EL      248                    /* erase the current line */
#define EC      247                    /* erase the current character */
#define AYT     246                    /* are you there */
#define AO      245                    /* abort output--but let prog finish */
#define IP      244                    /* interrupt process--permanently */
#define BREAK   243                    /* break */
#define DM      242                    /* data mark--for connect. cleaning */
#define NOP     241                    /* nop */
#define EOR     239                    /* end of record (transparent mode) */
#define ABORT   238                    /* Abort process */
#define SUSP    237                    /* Suspend process */
#define xEOF    236                    /* End of file: EOF is already used... */

#define TELOPTS(X) \
    X(BINARY, 0)                       /* 8-bit data path */ \
    X(ECHO, 1)                         /* echo */ \
    X(RCP, 2)                          /* prepare to reconnect */ \
    X(SGA, 3)                          /* suppress go ahead */ \
    X(NAMS, 4)                         /* approximate message size */ \
    X(STATUS, 5)                       /* give status */ \
    X(TM, 6)                           /* timing mark */ \
    X(RCTE, 7)                         /* remote controlled transmission and echo */ \
    X(NAOL, 8)                         /* negotiate about output line width */ \
    X(NAOP, 9)                         /* negotiate about output page size */ \
    X(NAOCRD, 10)                      /* negotiate about CR disposition */ \
    X(NAOHTS, 11)                      /* negotiate about horizontal tabstops */ \
    X(NAOHTD, 12)                      /* negotiate about horizontal tab disposition */ \
    X(NAOFFD, 13)                      /* negotiate about formfeed disposition */ \
    X(NAOVTS, 14)                      /* negotiate about vertical tab stops */ \
    X(NAOVTD, 15)                      /* negotiate about vertical tab disposition */ \
    X(NAOLFD, 16)                      /* negotiate about output LF disposition */ \
    X(XASCII, 17)                      /* extended ascic character set */ \
    X(LOGOUT, 18)                      /* force logout */ \
    X(BM, 19)                          /* byte macro */ \
    X(DET, 20)                         /* data entry terminal */ \
    X(SUPDUP, 21)                      /* supdup protocol */ \
    X(SUPDUPOUTPUT, 22)                /* supdup output */ \
    X(SNDLOC, 23)                      /* send location */ \
    X(TTYPE, 24)                       /* terminal type */ \
    X(EOR, 25)                         /* end or record */ \
    X(TUID, 26)                        /* TACACS user identification */ \
    X(OUTMRK, 27)                      /* output marking */ \
    X(TTYLOC, 28)                      /* terminal location number */ \
    X(3270REGIME, 29)                  /* 3270 regime */ \
    X(X3PAD, 30)                       /* X.3 PAD */ \
    X(NAWS, 31)                        /* window size */ \
    X(TSPEED, 32)                      /* terminal speed */ \
    X(LFLOW, 33)                       /* remote flow control */ \
    X(LINEMODE, 34)                    /* Linemode option */ \
    X(XDISPLOC, 35)                    /* X Display Location */ \
    X(OLD_ENVIRON, 36)                 /* Old - Environment variables */ \
    X(AUTHENTICATION, 37)              /* Authenticate */ \
    X(ENCRYPT, 38)                     /* Encryption option */ \
    X(NEW_ENVIRON, 39)                 /* New - Environment variables */ \
    X(TN3270E, 40)                     /* TN3270 enhancements */ \
    X(XAUTH, 41)                       \
    X(CHARSET, 42)                     /* Character set */ \
    X(RSP, 43)                         /* Remote serial port */ \
    X(COM_PORT_OPTION, 44)             /* Com port control */ \
    X(SLE, 45)                         /* Suppress local echo */ \
    X(STARTTLS, 46)                    /* Start TLS */ \
    X(KERMIT, 47)                      /* Automatic Kermit file transfer */ \
    X(SEND_URL, 48)                    \
    X(FORWARD_X, 49)                   \
    X(PRAGMA_LOGON, 138)               \
    X(SSPI_LOGON, 139)                 \
    X(PRAGMA_HEARTBEAT, 140)           \
    X(EXOPL, 255)                      /* extended-options-list */

#define telnet_enum(x,y) TELOPT_##x = y,
enum { TELOPTS(telnet_enum) dummy=0 };
#undef telnet_enum

#define TELQUAL_IS      0              /* option is... */
#define TELQUAL_SEND    1              /* send option */
#define TELQUAL_INFO    2              /* ENVIRON: informational version of IS */
#define BSD_VAR 1
#define BSD_VALUE 0
#define RFC_VAR 0
#define RFC_VALUE 1

#define CR 13
#define LF 10
#define NUL 0

#define iswritable(x) \
        ( (x) != IAC && \
              (telnet->opt_states[o_we_bin.index] == ACTIVE || (x) != CR))

static const char *telopt(int opt)
{
#define telnet_str(x,y) case TELOPT_##x: return #x;
    switch (opt) {
        TELOPTS(telnet_str)
      default:
        return "<unknown>";
    }
#undef telnet_str
}

struct Opt {
    int send;                          /* what we initially send */
    int nsend;                         /* -ve send if requested to stop it */
    int ack, nak;                      /* +ve and -ve acknowledgements */
    int option;                        /* the option code */
    int index;                         /* index into telnet->opt_states[] */
    enum {
        REQUESTED, ACTIVE, INACTIVE, REALLY_INACTIVE
    } initial_state;
};

enum {
    OPTINDEX_NAWS,
    OPTINDEX_TSPEED,
    OPTINDEX_TTYPE,
    OPTINDEX_OENV,
    OPTINDEX_NENV,
    OPTINDEX_ECHO,
    OPTINDEX_WE_SGA,
    OPTINDEX_THEY_SGA,
    OPTINDEX_WE_BIN,
    OPTINDEX_THEY_BIN,
    NUM_OPTS
};

static const struct Opt o_naws =
    { WILL, WONT, DO, DONT, TELOPT_NAWS, OPTINDEX_NAWS, REQUESTED };
static const struct Opt o_tspeed =
    { WILL, WONT, DO, DONT, TELOPT_TSPEED, OPTINDEX_TSPEED, REQUESTED };
static const struct Opt o_ttype =
    { WILL, WONT, DO, DONT, TELOPT_TTYPE, OPTINDEX_TTYPE, REQUESTED };
static const struct Opt o_oenv =
    { WILL, WONT, DO, DONT, TELOPT_OLD_ENVIRON, OPTINDEX_OENV, INACTIVE };
static const struct Opt o_nenv =
    { WILL, WONT, DO, DONT, TELOPT_NEW_ENVIRON, OPTINDEX_NENV, REQUESTED };
static const struct Opt o_echo =
    { DO, DONT, WILL, WONT, TELOPT_ECHO, OPTINDEX_ECHO, REQUESTED };
static const struct Opt o_we_sga =
    { WILL, WONT, DO, DONT, TELOPT_SGA, OPTINDEX_WE_SGA, REQUESTED };
static const struct Opt o_they_sga =
    { DO, DONT, WILL, WONT, TELOPT_SGA, OPTINDEX_THEY_SGA, REQUESTED };
static const struct Opt o_we_bin =
    { WILL, WONT, DO, DONT, TELOPT_BINARY, OPTINDEX_WE_BIN, INACTIVE };
static const struct Opt o_they_bin =
    { DO, DONT, WILL, WONT, TELOPT_BINARY, OPTINDEX_THEY_BIN, INACTIVE };

static const struct Opt *const opts[] = {
    &o_naws, &o_tspeed, &o_ttype, &o_oenv, &o_nenv, &o_echo,
    &o_we_sga, &o_they_sga, &o_we_bin, &o_they_bin, NULL
};

typedef struct Telnet Telnet;
struct Telnet {
    Socket *s;
    bool closed_on_socket_error;

    Seat *seat;
    LogContext *logctx;
    Ldisc *ldisc;
    int term_width, term_height;

    int opt_states[NUM_OPTS];

    bool echoing, editing;
    bool activated;
    size_t bufsize;
    bool in_synch;
    int sb_opt;
    strbuf *sb_buf;
    bool session_started;

    enum {
        TOP_LEVEL, SEENIAC, SEENWILL, SEENWONT, SEENDO, SEENDONT,
            SEENSB, SUBNEGOT, SUBNEG_IAC, SEENCR
    } state;

    Conf *conf;

    Pinger *pinger;

    Plug plug;
    Backend backend;
};

#define TELNET_MAX_BACKLOG 4096

#define SB_DELTA 1024

static void c_write(Telnet *telnet, const void *buf, size_t len)
{
    size_t backlog = seat_stdout(telnet->seat, buf, len);
    sk_set_frozen(telnet->s, backlog > TELNET_MAX_BACKLOG);
}

static void log_option(Telnet *telnet, const char *sender, int cmd, int option)
{
    /*
     * The strange-looking "<?""?>" below is there to avoid a
     * trigraph - a double question mark followed by > maps to a
     * closing brace character!
     */
    logeventf(telnet->logctx, "%s:\t%s %s", sender,
              (cmd == WILL ? "WILL" : cmd == WONT ? "WONT" :
               cmd == DO ? "DO" : cmd == DONT ? "DONT" : "<?""?>"),
              telopt(option));
}

static void send_opt(Telnet *telnet, int cmd, int option)
{
    unsigned char b[3];

    b[0] = IAC;
    b[1] = cmd;
    b[2] = option;
    telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 3);
    log_option(telnet, "client", cmd, option);
}

static void deactivate_option(Telnet *telnet, const struct Opt *o)
{
    if (telnet->opt_states[o->index] == REQUESTED ||
        telnet->opt_states[o->index] == ACTIVE)
        send_opt(telnet, o->nsend, o->option);
    telnet->opt_states[o->index] = REALLY_INACTIVE;
}

/*
 * Generate side effects of enabling or disabling an option.
 */
static void option_side_effects(
    Telnet *telnet, const struct Opt *o, bool enabled)
{
    if (o->option == TELOPT_ECHO && o->send == DO)
        telnet->echoing = !enabled;
    else if (o->option == TELOPT_SGA && o->send == DO)
        telnet->editing = !enabled;
    if (telnet->ldisc)                 /* cause ldisc to notice the change */
        ldisc_echoedit_update(telnet->ldisc);

    /* Ensure we get the minimum options */
    if (!telnet->activated) {
        if (telnet->opt_states[o_echo.index] == INACTIVE) {
            telnet->opt_states[o_echo.index] = REQUESTED;
            send_opt(telnet, o_echo.send, o_echo.option);
        }
        if (telnet->opt_states[o_we_sga.index] == INACTIVE) {
            telnet->opt_states[o_we_sga.index] = REQUESTED;
            send_opt(telnet, o_we_sga.send, o_we_sga.option);
        }
        if (telnet->opt_states[o_they_sga.index] == INACTIVE) {
            telnet->opt_states[o_they_sga.index] = REQUESTED;
            send_opt(telnet, o_they_sga.send, o_they_sga.option);
        }
        telnet->activated = true;
    }
}

static void activate_option(Telnet *telnet, const struct Opt *o)
{
    if (o->send == WILL && o->option == TELOPT_NAWS)
        backend_size(&telnet->backend,
                     telnet->term_width, telnet->term_height);
    if (o->send == WILL &&
        (o->option == TELOPT_NEW_ENVIRON ||
         o->option == TELOPT_OLD_ENVIRON)) {
        /*
         * We may only have one kind of ENVIRON going at a time.
         * This is a hack, but who cares.
         */
        deactivate_option(telnet, o->option ==
                          TELOPT_NEW_ENVIRON ? &o_oenv : &o_nenv);
    }
    option_side_effects(telnet, o, true);
}

static void refused_option(Telnet *telnet, const struct Opt *o)
{
    if (o->send == WILL && o->option == TELOPT_NEW_ENVIRON &&
        telnet->opt_states[o_oenv.index] == INACTIVE) {
        send_opt(telnet, WILL, TELOPT_OLD_ENVIRON);
        telnet->opt_states[o_oenv.index] = REQUESTED;
    }
    option_side_effects(telnet, o, false);
}

static void proc_rec_opt(Telnet *telnet, int cmd, int option)
{
    const struct Opt *const *o;

    log_option(telnet, "server", cmd, option);
    for (o = opts; *o; o++) {
        if ((*o)->option == option && (*o)->ack == cmd) {
            switch (telnet->opt_states[(*o)->index]) {
              case REQUESTED:
                telnet->opt_states[(*o)->index] = ACTIVE;
                activate_option(telnet, *o);
                break;
              case ACTIVE:
                break;
              case INACTIVE:
                telnet->opt_states[(*o)->index] = ACTIVE;
                send_opt(telnet, (*o)->send, option);
                activate_option(telnet, *o);
                break;
              case REALLY_INACTIVE:
                send_opt(telnet, (*o)->nsend, option);
                break;
            }
            return;
        } else if ((*o)->option == option && (*o)->nak == cmd) {
            switch (telnet->opt_states[(*o)->index]) {
              case REQUESTED:
                telnet->opt_states[(*o)->index] = INACTIVE;
                refused_option(telnet, *o);
                break;
              case ACTIVE:
                telnet->opt_states[(*o)->index] = INACTIVE;
                send_opt(telnet, (*o)->nsend, option);
                option_side_effects(telnet, *o, false);
                break;
              case INACTIVE:
              case REALLY_INACTIVE:
                break;
            }
            return;
        }
    }
    /*
     * If we reach here, the option was one we weren't prepared to
     * cope with. If the request was positive (WILL or DO), we send
     * a negative ack to indicate refusal. If the request was
     * negative (WONT / DONT), we must do nothing.
     */
    if (cmd == WILL || cmd == DO)
        send_opt(telnet, (cmd == WILL ? DONT : WONT), option);
}

static void process_subneg(Telnet *telnet)
{
    unsigned char *b, *p, *q;
    int var, value, n, bsize;
    char *e, *eval, *ekey, *user;

    switch (telnet->sb_opt) {
      case TELOPT_TSPEED:
        if (telnet->sb_buf->len == 1 && telnet->sb_buf->u[0] == TELQUAL_SEND) {
            char *termspeed = conf_get_str(telnet->conf, CONF_termspeed);
            b = snewn(20 + strlen(termspeed), unsigned char);
            b[0] = IAC;
            b[1] = SB;
            b[2] = TELOPT_TSPEED;
            b[3] = TELQUAL_IS;
            strcpy((char *)(b + 4), termspeed);
            n = 4 + strlen(termspeed);
            b[n] = IAC;
            b[n + 1] = SE;
            telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, n + 2);
            logevent(telnet->logctx, "server:\tSB TSPEED SEND");
            logeventf(telnet->logctx, "client:\tSB TSPEED IS %s", termspeed);
            sfree(b);
        } else
            logevent(telnet->logctx, "server:\tSB TSPEED <something weird>");
        break;
      case TELOPT_TTYPE:
        if (telnet->sb_buf->len == 1 && telnet->sb_buf->u[0] == TELQUAL_SEND) {
            char *termtype = conf_get_str(telnet->conf, CONF_termtype);
            b = snewn(20 + strlen(termtype), unsigned char);
            b[0] = IAC;
            b[1] = SB;
            b[2] = TELOPT_TTYPE;
            b[3] = TELQUAL_IS;
            for (n = 0; termtype[n]; n++)
                b[n + 4] = (termtype[n] >= 'a' && termtype[n] <= 'z' ?
                            termtype[n] + 'A' - 'a' :
                            termtype[n]);
            b[n + 4] = IAC;
            b[n + 5] = SE;
            telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, n + 6);
            b[n + 4] = 0;
            logevent(telnet->logctx, "server:\tSB TTYPE SEND");
            logeventf(telnet->logctx, "client:\tSB TTYPE IS %s", b + 4);
            sfree(b);
        } else
            logevent(telnet->logctx, "server:\tSB TTYPE <something weird>\r\n");
        break;
      case TELOPT_OLD_ENVIRON:
      case TELOPT_NEW_ENVIRON:
        p = telnet->sb_buf->u;
        q = p + telnet->sb_buf->len;
        if (p < q && *p == TELQUAL_SEND) {
            p++;
            logeventf(telnet->logctx, "server:\tSB %s SEND",
                      telopt(telnet->sb_opt));
            if (telnet->sb_opt == TELOPT_OLD_ENVIRON) {
                if (conf_get_bool(telnet->conf, CONF_rfc_environ)) {
                    value = RFC_VALUE;
                    var = RFC_VAR;
                } else {
                    value = BSD_VALUE;
                    var = BSD_VAR;
                }
                /*
                 * Try to guess the sense of VAR and VALUE.
                 */
                while (p < q) {
                    if (*p == RFC_VAR) {
                        value = RFC_VALUE;
                        var = RFC_VAR;
                    } else if (*p == BSD_VAR) {
                        value = BSD_VALUE;
                        var = BSD_VAR;
                    }
                    p++;
                }
            } else {
                /*
                 * With NEW_ENVIRON, the sense of VAR and VALUE
                 * isn't in doubt.
                 */
                value = RFC_VALUE;
                var = RFC_VAR;
            }
            bsize = 20;
            for (eval = conf_get_str_strs(telnet->conf, CONF_environmt,
                                         NULL, &ekey);
                 eval != NULL;
                 eval = conf_get_str_strs(telnet->conf, CONF_environmt,
                                         ekey, &ekey))
                 bsize += strlen(ekey) + strlen(eval) + 2;
            user = get_remote_username(telnet->conf);
            if (user)
                bsize += 6 + strlen(user);

            b = snewn(bsize, unsigned char);
            b[0] = IAC;
            b[1] = SB;
            b[2] = telnet->sb_opt;
            b[3] = TELQUAL_IS;
            n = 4;
            for (eval = conf_get_str_strs(telnet->conf, CONF_environmt,
                                         NULL, &ekey);
                 eval != NULL;
                 eval = conf_get_str_strs(telnet->conf, CONF_environmt,
                                         ekey, &ekey)) {
                b[n++] = var;
                for (e = ekey; *e; e++)
                    b[n++] = *e;
                b[n++] = value;
                for (e = eval; *e; e++)
                    b[n++] = *e;
            }
            if (user) {
                b[n++] = var;
                b[n++] = 'U';
                b[n++] = 'S';
                b[n++] = 'E';
                b[n++] = 'R';
                b[n++] = value;
                for (e = user; *e; e++)
                    b[n++] = *e;
            }
            b[n++] = IAC;
            b[n++] = SE;
            telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, n);
            if (n == 6) {
                logeventf(telnet->logctx, "client:\tSB %s IS <nothing>",
                          telopt(telnet->sb_opt));
            } else {
                logeventf(telnet->logctx, "client:\tSB %s IS:",
                          telopt(telnet->sb_opt));
                for (eval = conf_get_str_strs(telnet->conf, CONF_environmt,
                                             NULL, &ekey);
                     eval != NULL;
                     eval = conf_get_str_strs(telnet->conf, CONF_environmt,
                                             ekey, &ekey)) {
                    logeventf(telnet->logctx, "\t%s=%s", ekey, eval);
                }
                if (user)
                    logeventf(telnet->logctx, "\tUSER=%s", user);
            }
            sfree(b);
            sfree(user);
        }
        break;
    }
}

static void do_telnet_read(Telnet *telnet, const char *buf, size_t len)
{
    strbuf *outbuf = strbuf_new_nm();

    while (len--) {
        int c = (unsigned char) *buf++;

        switch (telnet->state) {
          case TOP_LEVEL:
          case SEENCR:
            if (c == NUL && telnet->state == SEENCR)
                telnet->state = TOP_LEVEL;
            else if (c == IAC)
                telnet->state = SEENIAC;
            else {
                if (!telnet->in_synch)
                    put_byte(outbuf, c);

#if 1
                /* I can't get the F***ing winsock to insert the urgent IAC
                 * into the right position! Even with SO_OOBINLINE it gives
                 * it to recv too soon. And of course the DM byte (that
                 * arrives in the same packet!) appears several K later!!
                 *
                 * Oh well, we do get the DM in the right place so I'll
                 * just stop hiding on the next 0xf2 and hope for the best.
                 */
                else if (c == DM)
                    telnet->in_synch = false;
#endif
                if (c == CR && telnet->opt_states[o_they_bin.index] != ACTIVE)
                    telnet->state = SEENCR;
                else
                    telnet->state = TOP_LEVEL;
            }
            break;
          case SEENIAC:
            if (c == DO)
                telnet->state = SEENDO;
            else if (c == DONT)
                telnet->state = SEENDONT;
            else if (c == WILL)
                telnet->state = SEENWILL;
            else if (c == WONT)
                telnet->state = SEENWONT;
            else if (c == SB)
                telnet->state = SEENSB;
            else if (c == DM) {
                telnet->in_synch = false;
                telnet->state = TOP_LEVEL;
            } else {
                /* ignore everything else; print it if it's IAC */
                if (c == IAC) {
                    put_byte(outbuf, c);
                }
                telnet->state = TOP_LEVEL;
            }
            break;
          case SEENWILL:
            proc_rec_opt(telnet, WILL, c);
            telnet->state = TOP_LEVEL;
            break;
          case SEENWONT:
            proc_rec_opt(telnet, WONT, c);
            telnet->state = TOP_LEVEL;
            break;
          case SEENDO:
            proc_rec_opt(telnet, DO, c);
            telnet->state = TOP_LEVEL;
            break;
          case SEENDONT:
            proc_rec_opt(telnet, DONT, c);
            telnet->state = TOP_LEVEL;
            break;
          case SEENSB:
            telnet->sb_opt = c;
            strbuf_clear(telnet->sb_buf);
            telnet->state = SUBNEGOT;
            break;
          case SUBNEGOT:
            if (c == IAC)
                telnet->state = SUBNEG_IAC;
            else {
              subneg_addchar:
                put_byte(telnet->sb_buf, c);
                telnet->state = SUBNEGOT;       /* in case we came here by goto */
            }
            break;
          case SUBNEG_IAC:
            if (c != SE)
                goto subneg_addchar;   /* yes, it's a hack, I know, but... */
            else {
                process_subneg(telnet);
                telnet->state = TOP_LEVEL;
            }
            break;
        }

        if (outbuf->len >= 4096) {
            c_write(telnet, outbuf->u, outbuf->len);
            strbuf_clear(outbuf);
        }
    }

    if (outbuf->len)
        c_write(telnet, outbuf->u, outbuf->len);
    strbuf_free(outbuf);
}

static void telnet_log(Plug *plug, PlugLogType type, SockAddr *addr, int port,
                       const char *error_msg, int error_code)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(plug, Telnet, plug);
    backend_socket_log(telnet->seat, telnet->logctx, type, addr, port,
                       error_msg, error_code, telnet->conf,
                       telnet->session_started);
}

static void telnet_closing(Plug *plug, const char *error_msg, int error_code,
                           bool calling_back)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(plug, Telnet, plug);

    /*
     * We don't implement independent EOF in each direction for Telnet
     * connections; as soon as we get word that the remote side has
     * sent us EOF, we wind up the whole connection.
     */

    if (telnet->s) {
        sk_close(telnet->s);
        telnet->s = NULL;
        if (error_msg)
            telnet->closed_on_socket_error = true;
        seat_notify_remote_exit(telnet->seat);
    }
    if (error_msg) {
        logevent(telnet->logctx, error_msg);
        seat_connection_fatal(telnet->seat, "%s", error_msg);
    }
    /* Otherwise, the remote side closed the connection normally. */
}

static void telnet_receive(
    Plug *plug, int urgent, const char *data, size_t len)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(plug, Telnet, plug);
    if (urgent)
        telnet->in_synch = true;
    telnet->session_started = true;
    do_telnet_read(telnet, data, len);
}

static void telnet_sent(Plug *plug, size_t bufsize)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(plug, Telnet, plug);
    telnet->bufsize = bufsize;
}

static const PlugVtable Telnet_plugvt = {
    .log = telnet_log,
    .closing = telnet_closing,
    .receive = telnet_receive,
    .sent = telnet_sent,
};

/*
 * Called to set up the Telnet connection.
 *
 * Returns an error message, or NULL on success.
 *
 * Also places the canonical host name into `realhost'. It must be
 * freed by the caller.
 */
static char *telnet_init(const BackendVtable *vt, Seat *seat,
                         Backend **backend_handle, LogContext *logctx,
                         Conf *conf, const char *host, int port,
                         char **realhost, bool nodelay, bool keepalive)
{
    SockAddr *addr;
    const char *err;
    Telnet *telnet;
    char *loghost;
    int addressfamily;

    /* No local authentication phase in this protocol */
    seat_set_trust_status(seat, false);

    telnet = snew(Telnet);
    telnet->plug.vt = &Telnet_plugvt;
    telnet->backend.vt = vt;
    telnet->conf = conf_copy(conf);
    telnet->s = NULL;
    telnet->closed_on_socket_error = false;
    telnet->echoing = true;
    telnet->editing = true;
    telnet->activated = false;
    telnet->sb_buf = strbuf_new();
    telnet->seat = seat;
    telnet->logctx = logctx;
    telnet->term_width = conf_get_int(telnet->conf, CONF_width);
    telnet->term_height = conf_get_int(telnet->conf, CONF_height);
    telnet->state = TOP_LEVEL;
    telnet->ldisc = NULL;
    telnet->pinger = NULL;
    telnet->session_started = true;
    *backend_handle = &telnet->backend;

    /*
     * Try to find host.
     */
    addressfamily = conf_get_int(telnet->conf, CONF_addressfamily);
    addr = name_lookup(host, port, realhost, telnet->conf, addressfamily,
                       telnet->logctx, "Telnet connection");
    if ((err = sk_addr_error(addr)) != NULL) {
        sk_addr_free(addr);
        return dupstr(err);
    }

    if (port < 0)
        port = 23;                     /* default telnet port */

    /*
     * Open socket.
     */
    telnet->s = new_connection(addr, *realhost, port, false, true, nodelay,
                               keepalive, &telnet->plug, telnet->conf);
    if ((err = sk_socket_error(telnet->s)) != NULL)
        return dupstr(err);

    telnet->pinger = pinger_new(telnet->conf, &telnet->backend);

    /*
     * Initialise option states.
     */
    if (conf_get_bool(telnet->conf, CONF_passive_telnet)) {
        const struct Opt *const *o;

        for (o = opts; *o; o++)
            telnet->opt_states[(*o)->index] = INACTIVE;
    } else {
        const struct Opt *const *o;

        for (o = opts; *o; o++) {
            telnet->opt_states[(*o)->index] = (*o)->initial_state;
            if (telnet->opt_states[(*o)->index] == REQUESTED)
                send_opt(telnet, (*o)->send, (*o)->option);
        }
        telnet->activated = true;
    }

    /*
     * Set up SYNCH state.
     */
    telnet->in_synch = false;

    /*
     * We can send special commands from the start.
     */
    seat_update_specials_menu(telnet->seat);

    /*
     * loghost overrides realhost, if specified.
     */
    loghost = conf_get_str(telnet->conf, CONF_loghost);
    if (*loghost) {
        char *colon;

        sfree(*realhost);
        *realhost = dupstr(loghost);

        colon = host_strrchr(*realhost, ':');
        if (colon)
            *colon++ = '\0';
    }

    return NULL;
}

static void telnet_free(Backend *be)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(be, Telnet, backend);

    strbuf_free(telnet->sb_buf);
    if (telnet->s)
        sk_close(telnet->s);
    if (telnet->pinger)
        pinger_free(telnet->pinger);
    conf_free(telnet->conf);
    sfree(telnet);
}
/*
 * Reconfigure the Telnet backend. There's no immediate action
 * necessary, in this backend: we just save the fresh config for
 * any subsequent negotiations.
 */
static void telnet_reconfig(Backend *be, Conf *conf)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(be, Telnet, backend);
    pinger_reconfig(telnet->pinger, telnet->conf, conf);
    conf_free(telnet->conf);
    telnet->conf = conf_copy(conf);
}

/*
 * Called to send data down the Telnet connection.
 */
static size_t telnet_send(Backend *be, const char *buf, size_t len)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(be, Telnet, backend);
    unsigned char *p, *end;
    static const unsigned char iac[2] = { IAC, IAC };
    static const unsigned char cr[2] = { CR, NUL };
#if 0
    static const unsigned char nl[2] = { CR, LF };
#endif

    if (telnet->s == NULL)
        return 0;

    p = (unsigned char *)buf;
    end = (unsigned char *)(buf + len);
    while (p < end) {
        unsigned char *q = p;

        while (p < end && iswritable(*p))
            p++;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, q, p - q);

        while (p < end && !iswritable(*p)) {
            telnet->bufsize =
                sk_write(telnet->s, *p == IAC ? iac : cr, 2);
            p++;
        }
    }

    return telnet->bufsize;
}

/*
 * Called to query the current socket sendability status.
 */
static size_t telnet_sendbuffer(Backend *be)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(be, Telnet, backend);
    return telnet->bufsize;
}

/*
 * Called to set the size of the window from Telnet's POV.
 */
static void telnet_size(Backend *be, int width, int height)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(be, Telnet, backend);
    unsigned char b[24];
    int n;

    telnet->term_width = width;
    telnet->term_height = height;

    if (telnet->s == NULL || telnet->opt_states[o_naws.index] != ACTIVE)
        return;
    n = 0;
    b[n++] = IAC;
    b[n++] = SB;
    b[n++] = TELOPT_NAWS;
    b[n++] = telnet->term_width >> 8;
    if (b[n-1] == IAC) b[n++] = IAC;   /* duplicate any IAC byte occurs */
    b[n++] = telnet->term_width & 0xFF;
    if (b[n-1] == IAC) b[n++] = IAC;   /* duplicate any IAC byte occurs */
    b[n++] = telnet->term_height >> 8;
    if (b[n-1] == IAC) b[n++] = IAC;   /* duplicate any IAC byte occurs */
    b[n++] = telnet->term_height & 0xFF;
    if (b[n-1] == IAC) b[n++] = IAC;   /* duplicate any IAC byte occurs */
    b[n++] = IAC;
    b[n++] = SE;
    telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, n);
    logeventf(telnet->logctx, "client:\tSB NAWS %d,%d",
              telnet->term_width, telnet->term_height);
}

/*
 * Send Telnet special codes.
 */
static void telnet_special(Backend *be, SessionSpecialCode code, int arg)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(be, Telnet, backend);
    unsigned char b[2];

    if (telnet->s == NULL)
        return;

    b[0] = IAC;
    switch (code) {
      case SS_AYT:
        b[1] = AYT;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 2);
        break;
      case SS_BRK:
        b[1] = BREAK;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 2);
        break;
      case SS_EC:
        b[1] = EC;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 2);
        break;
      case SS_EL:
        b[1] = EL;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 2);
        break;
      case SS_GA:
        b[1] = GA;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 2);
        break;
      case SS_NOP:
        b[1] = NOP;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 2);
        break;
      case SS_ABORT:
        b[1] = ABORT;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 2);
        break;
      case SS_AO:
        b[1] = AO;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 2);
        break;
      case SS_IP:
        b[1] = IP;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 2);
        break;
      case SS_SUSP:
        b[1] = SUSP;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 2);
        break;
      case SS_EOR:
        b[1] = EOR;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 2);
        break;
      case SS_EOF:
        b[1] = xEOF;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 2);
        break;
      case SS_EOL:
        /* In BINARY mode, CR-LF becomes just CR -
         * and without the NUL suffix too. */
        if (telnet->opt_states[o_we_bin.index] == ACTIVE)
            telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, "\r", 1);
        else
            telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, "\r\n", 2);
        break;
      case SS_SYNCH:
        b[1] = DM;
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 1);
        telnet->bufsize = sk_write_oob(telnet->s, b + 1, 1);
        break;
      case SS_PING:
        if (telnet->opt_states[o_they_sga.index] == ACTIVE) {
            b[1] = NOP;
            telnet->bufsize = sk_write(telnet->s, b, 2);
        }
        break;
      default:
        break;  /* never heard of it */
    }
}

static const SessionSpecial *telnet_get_specials(Backend *be)
{
    static const SessionSpecial specials[] = {
        {"Are You There", SS_AYT},
        {"Break", SS_BRK},
        {"Synch", SS_SYNCH},
        {"Erase Character", SS_EC},
        {"Erase Line", SS_EL},
        {"Go Ahead", SS_GA},
        {"No Operation", SS_NOP},
        {NULL, SS_SEP},
        {"Abort Process", SS_ABORT},
        {"Abort Output", SS_AO},
        {"Interrupt Process", SS_IP},
        {"Suspend Process", SS_SUSP},
        {NULL, SS_SEP},
        {"End Of Record", SS_EOR},
        {"End Of File", SS_EOF},
        {NULL, SS_EXITMENU}
    };
    return specials;
}

static bool telnet_connected(Backend *be)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(be, Telnet, backend);
    return telnet->s != NULL;
}

static bool telnet_sendok(Backend *be)
{
    /* Telnet *telnet = container_of(be, Telnet, backend); */
    return true;
}

static void telnet_unthrottle(Backend *be, size_t backlog)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(be, Telnet, backend);
    sk_set_frozen(telnet->s, backlog > TELNET_MAX_BACKLOG);
}

static bool telnet_ldisc(Backend *be, int option)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(be, Telnet, backend);
    if (option == LD_ECHO)
        return telnet->echoing;
    if (option == LD_EDIT)
        return telnet->editing;
    return false;
}

static void telnet_provide_ldisc(Backend *be, Ldisc *ldisc)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(be, Telnet, backend);
    telnet->ldisc = ldisc;
}

static int telnet_exitcode(Backend *be)
{
    Telnet *telnet = container_of(be, Telnet, backend);
    if (telnet->s != NULL)
        return -1;                     /* still connected */
    else if (telnet->closed_on_socket_error)
        return INT_MAX;     /* a socket error counts as an unclean exit */
    else
        /* Telnet doesn't transmit exit codes back to the client */
        return 0;
}

/*
 * cfg_info for Telnet does nothing at all.
 */
static int telnet_cfg_info(Backend *be)
{
    return 0;
}

const BackendVtable telnet_backend = {
    .init = telnet_init,
    .free = telnet_free,
    .reconfig = telnet_reconfig,
    .send = telnet_send,
    .sendbuffer = telnet_sendbuffer,
    .size = telnet_size,
    .special = telnet_special,
    .get_specials = telnet_get_specials,
    .connected = telnet_connected,
    .exitcode = telnet_exitcode,
    .sendok = telnet_sendok,
    .ldisc_option_state = telnet_ldisc,
    .provide_ldisc = telnet_provide_ldisc,
    .unthrottle = telnet_unthrottle,
    .cfg_info = telnet_cfg_info,
    .id = "telnet",
    .displayname = "Telnet",
    .protocol = PROT_TELNET,
    .default_port = 23,
};
