o3de/Gems/Atom/Utils/Code/Source/ImGuiGpuProfiler.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) Contributors to the Open 3D Engine Project.
 * For complete copyright and license terms please see the LICENSE at the root of this distribution.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT
 *
 */

#include <Atom/Utils/ImGuiGpuProfiler.h>

#include <Atom/RHI/RHISystemInterface.h>
#include <Atom/RHI/RHIMemoryStatisticsInterface.h>
#include <Atom/RHI.Reflect/MemoryStatistics.h>
#include <Atom/RPI.Public/Pass/ParentPass.h>
#include <Atom/RPI.Public/Pass/RenderPass.h>
#include <Atom/RPI.Public/RenderPipeline.h>
#include <Atom/RPI.Public/RPISystemInterface.h>
#include <Atom/RPI.Public/Scene.h>

#include <Profiler/ImGuiTreemap.h>
#include <imgui/imgui_internal.h>

#include <AzCore/IO/SystemFile.h>
#include <AzCore/Utils/Utils.h>
#include <AzCore/std/sort.h>
#include <AzCore/std/time.h>

#include <AzCore/JSON/document.h>
#include <AzCore/JSON/stringbuffer.h>
#include <AzCore/JSON/pointer.h>
#include <AzCore/JSON/prettywriter.h>
#include <AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonSerialization.h>
#include <AzCore/Serialization/Json/JsonUtils.h>

#include <inttypes.h>

namespace AZ
{
    namespace Render
    {
        namespace GpuProfilerImGuiHelper
        {
            template<typename T>
            static void TreeNode(const char* label, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags, T&& functor)
            {
                const bool unrolledTreeNode = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(label, flags);
                functor(unrolledTreeNode);

                if (unrolledTreeNode)
                {
                    ImGui::TreePop();
                }
            }

            template <typename Functor>
            static void Begin(const char* name, bool* open, ImGuiWindowFlags flags, Functor&& functor)
            {
                if (ImGui::Begin(name, open, flags))
                {
                    functor();
                }
                ImGui::End();
            }

            template <typename Functor>
            static void BeginChild(const char* text, const ImVec2& size, bool border, ImGuiWindowFlags flags, Functor&& functor)
            {
                if (ImGui::BeginChild(text, size, border, flags))
                {
                    functor();
                }
                ImGui::EndChild();
            }

            static void HoverMarker(const char* text)
            {
                if (ImGui::IsItemHovered())
                {
                    ImGui::BeginTooltip();
                    ImGui::PushTextWrapPos(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 35.0f);
                    ImGui::TextUnformatted(text);
                    ImGui::PopTextWrapPos();
                    ImGui::EndTooltip();
                }
            }

            template <typename Functor>
            static void PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol idx, const ImVec4& color, Functor&& functor)
            {
                ImGui::PushStyleColor(idx, color);
                functor();
                ImGui::PopStyleColor();
            }

            template <typename Functor>
            static void WrappableSelectable(const char* text, ImVec2 size, bool selected, ImGuiSelectableFlags flags, Functor&& functor)
            {
                ImFont* font = ImGui::GetFont();
                ImDrawList* drawList = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();

                const ImVec2 pos = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();

                const AZStd::string label = AZStd::string::format("%s%s", "##hidden", text);
                if (ImGui::Selectable(label.c_str(), selected, flags, size))
                {
                    functor();
                }
                drawList->AddText(font, font->FontSize, pos, ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text), text, nullptr, size.x);
            }

            static AZStd::string GetImageBindStrings(AZ::RHI::ImageBindFlags imageBindFlags)
            {
                AZStd::string imageBindStrings;
                for (const auto& flag : AZ::RHI::ImageBindFlagsMembers)
                {
                    if (flag.m_value != AZ::RHI::ImageBindFlags::None && AZ::RHI::CheckBitsAll(imageBindFlags, flag.m_value))
                    {
                        imageBindStrings.append(flag.m_string);
                        imageBindStrings.append(", ");
                    }
                }
                return imageBindStrings;
            }

            static AZStd::string GetBufferBindStrings(AZ::RHI::BufferBindFlags bufferBindFlags)
            {
                AZStd::string bufferBindStrings;
                for (const auto& flag : AZ::RHI::BufferBindFlagsMembers)
                {
                    if (flag.m_value != AZ::RHI::BufferBindFlags::None && AZ::RHI::CheckBitsAll(bufferBindFlags, flag.m_value))
                    {
                        bufferBindStrings.append(flag.m_string);
                        bufferBindStrings.append(", ");
                    }
                }
                return bufferBindStrings;
            }

            static constexpr u64 KB = 1024;
            static constexpr u64 MB = 1024 * KB;
        } // namespace GpuProfilerImGuiHelper 

        // --- PassEntry ---

        PassEntry::PassEntry(const RPI::Pass* pass, PassEntry* parent)
        {
            m_name = pass->GetName();
            m_path = pass->GetPathName();
            m_parent = parent;
            m_enabled = pass->IsEnabled();
            m_deviceIndex = pass->GetDeviceIndex() == -1 ? RHI::MultiDevice::DefaultDeviceIndex : pass->GetDeviceIndex();
            m_timestampEnabled = pass->IsTimestampQueryEnabled();
            m_pipelineStatisticsEnabled = pass->IsPipelineStatisticsQueryEnabled();
            m_isParent = pass->AsParent() != nullptr;

            // [GFX TODO][ATOM-4001] Cache the timestamp and PipelineStatistics results.
            // Get the query results from the passes.
            m_timestampResult = pass->GetLatestTimestampResult();

            const RPI::PipelineStatisticsResult rps = pass->GetLatestPipelineStatisticsResult();
            m_pipelineStatistics = { rps.m_vertexCount, rps.m_primitiveCount, rps.m_vertexShaderInvocationCount,
                rps.m_rasterizedPrimitiveCount, rps.m_renderedPrimitiveCount, rps.m_pixelShaderInvocationCount, rps.m_computeShaderInvocationCount };

            // Disable the entry if it has a parent that is also not enabled.
            if (m_parent)
            {
                m_enabled = pass->IsEnabled() && m_parent->m_enabled;
            }
        }

        void PassEntry::LinkChild(PassEntry* childEntry)
        {
            m_children.push_back(childEntry);

            if (!m_linked && m_parent)
            {
                m_linked = true;

                // Recursively create parent->child references for entries that aren't linked to the root entry yet.
                // Effectively walking the tree backwards from the leaf to the root entry, and establishing parent->child references to
                // entries that aren't connected to the root entry yet.
                m_parent->LinkChild(this);
            }

            childEntry->m_linked = true;
        }

        void PassEntry::PropagateDeviceIndex(int deviceIndex)
        {
            m_childrenDeviceIndices.insert(deviceIndex);
            if (m_parent)
            {
                m_parent->PropagateDeviceIndex(deviceIndex);
            }
        }

        bool PassEntry::IsTimestampEnabled() const
        {
            return m_enabled && m_timestampEnabled;
        }

        bool PassEntry::IsPipelineStatisticsEnabled() const
        {
            return m_enabled && m_pipelineStatisticsEnabled;
        }

        // --- ImGuiPipelineStatisticsView ---

        ImGuiPipelineStatisticsView::ImGuiPipelineStatisticsView() :
            m_headerColumnWidth{ 204.0f, 104.0f, 104.0f, 104.0f, 104.0f, 104.0f, 104.0f, 104.0f }
        {

        }

        void ImGuiPipelineStatisticsView::DrawPipelineStatisticsWindow(bool& draw,
            const PassEntry* rootPassEntry, AZStd::unordered_map<Name, PassEntry>& passEntryDatabase,
            AZ::RHI::Ptr<RPI::ParentPass> rootPass)
        {
            // Early out if nothing is supposed to be drawn
            if (!draw)
            {
                return;
            }

            AZ_Assert(rootPassEntry, "RootPassEntry is invalid.");

            // The PipelineStatistics attribute names.
            static const char* PipelineStatisticsAttributeHeader[HeaderAttributeCount] = {
                "Pass Name", "Vertex Count", "Primitive Count", "Vertex Shader Invocation Count", "Rasterized Primitive Count",
                "Rendered Primitive Count", "Pixel Shader Invocation Count", "Compute Shader Invocation Count"
            };

            // Additional filter to exclude passes from the list.
            static const AZStd::array<AZStd::string, 2> ExcludeFilter = { "Root", "MainPipeline" };

            // Clear the references array from the previous frame.
            m_passEntryReferences.clear();

            // Filter the PassEntries.
            {
                m_passEntryReferences.reserve(passEntryDatabase.size());
                for (auto& passEntryIt : passEntryDatabase)
                {
                    const PassEntry& passEntry = passEntryIt.second;

                    // Filter depending on the user input.
                    if (!m_passFilter.PassFilter(passEntry.m_name.GetCStr()))
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    // Filter out parent passes if necessary.
                    if (!m_showParentPasses && passEntry.m_isParent)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    // Filter with the ExcludeFilter.
                    if (m_excludeFilterEnabled)
                    {
                        const auto filterIt = AZStd::find_if(ExcludeFilter.begin(), ExcludeFilter.end(), [&passEntry](const AZStd::string& passName)
                        {
                            return passName == passEntry.m_name.GetStringView();
                        });

                        if (filterIt != ExcludeFilter.end())
                        {
                            continue;
                        }
                    }

                    // Add the PassEntry if it passes both filters.
                    m_passEntryReferences.push_back(&passEntry);
                }
            }


            // Sort the PassEntries.
            SortView();

            // Set the window size.
            const ImVec2 windowSize(964.0f, 510.0f);
            ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(windowSize, ImGuiCond_Once);

            // Start drawing the PipelineStatistics window.
            if (ImGui::Begin("PipelineStatistics Window", &draw, ImGuiWindowFlags_None))
            {
                // Pause/unpause the profiling
                if (ImGui::Button(m_paused ? "Resume" : "Pause"))
                {
                    m_paused = !m_paused;
                    rootPass->SetPipelineStatisticsQueryEnabled(!m_paused);
                }

                ImGui::Columns(2, "HeaderColumns");

                // Draw the statistics of the RootPass.
                {
                    ImGui::Text("Information");
                    ImGui::Spacing();

                    // General information.
                    {
                        // Display total pass count.
                        const AZStd::string totalPassCountLabel = AZStd::string::format("%s: %u",
                            "Total Pass Count",
                            static_cast<uint32_t>(passEntryDatabase.size()));
                        ImGui::Text("%s", totalPassCountLabel.c_str());

                        // Display listed pass count.
                        const AZStd::string listedPassCountLabel = AZStd::string::format("%s: %u",
                            "Listed Pass Count",
                            static_cast<uint32_t>(m_passEntryReferences.size()));
                        ImGui::Text("%s", listedPassCountLabel.c_str());
                    }
                }

                ImGui::NextColumn();

                // Options
                GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::TreeNode("Options", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_None, [this](bool unrolled)
                {
                    if (unrolled)
                    {
                        // Draw the advanced Options node.
                        ImGui::Checkbox("Enable color-coding", &m_enableColorCoding);
                        ImGui::Checkbox("Remove RootPasses from the list", &m_excludeFilterEnabled);
                        ImGui::Checkbox("Show attribute contribution", &m_showAttributeContribution);
                        ImGui::Checkbox("Show pass' tree state", &m_showPassTreeState);
                        ImGui::Checkbox("Show disabled passes", &m_showDisabledPasses);
                        ImGui::Checkbox("Show parent passes", &m_showParentPasses);
                    }
                });

                ImGui::Columns(1, "HeaderColumns");

                ImGui::Separator();

                // Draw the filter.
                m_passFilter.Draw("Pass Name Filter");

                // Draw the attribute matrix header.
                {
                    ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(0.0f, 4.0f));
                    ImGui::Columns(HeaderAttributeCount, "PipelineStatisticsHeader", false);

                    // Calculate the text which requires the most height.
                    float maxColumnHeight = 0.0f;
                    for (uint32_t headerIdx = 0u; headerIdx < HeaderAttributeCount; headerIdx++)
                    {
                        ImGui::SetColumnWidth(static_cast<int32_t>(headerIdx), m_headerColumnWidth[headerIdx]);

                        const char* text = PipelineStatisticsAttributeHeader[headerIdx];
                        const ImVec2 textSize = ImGui::CalcTextSize(text, nullptr, false, m_headerColumnWidth[headerIdx]);
                        maxColumnHeight = AZStd::max(textSize.y, maxColumnHeight);
                    }

                    // Create the header text.
                    for (uint32_t headerIdx = 0u; headerIdx < HeaderAttributeCount; headerIdx++)
                    {
                        const char* text = PipelineStatisticsAttributeHeader[headerIdx];
                        const ImVec2 selectableSize = { m_headerColumnWidth[headerIdx], maxColumnHeight };

                        // Sort when the selectable is clicked.
                        bool columnSelected = (headerIdx == GetSortIndex());
                        GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::WrappableSelectable(text, selectableSize, columnSelected, ImGuiSelectableFlags_None, [&, this]()
                        {
                            // Sort depending on the column index.
                            const uint32_t sortIndex = GetSortIndex();
                            // When the sort index is equal to the header index, it means that the same column has been selected, which
                            // results in sorting the items in a inverted manner depending on the column's attribute.
                            if (columnSelected)
                            {
                                const uint32_t baseSortIndex = sortIndex * SortVariantPerColumn;
                                m_sortIndex = baseSortIndex + ((m_sortIndex + 1u) % SortVariantPerColumn);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                // When the current header index and sort index are different, it means that a different column has been selected,
                                // which results in sorting the items depending on the most recently selected column's attribute.
                                m_sortIndex = headerIdx * SortVariantPerColumn;
                            }
                        });

                        ImGui::NextColumn();
                    }

                    // Draw the RootPass' attribute row.
                    CreateAttributeRow(rootPassEntry, nullptr);

                    ImGui::Columns(1);
                    ImGui::PopStyleVar();
                }

                // Draw the child window, consisting of the body of the matrix.
                {
                    ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(0.0f, 4.0f));
                    const ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar;

                    GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::BeginChild("AttributeMatrix", ImVec2(ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionWidth(), 320), false, window_flags, [&, this]()
                    {
                        ImGui::Columns(HeaderAttributeCount, "PipelineStatsisticsBody", false);

                        for (const auto passEntry : m_passEntryReferences)
                        {
                            CreateAttributeRow(passEntry, rootPassEntry);
                        }

                        ImGui::Columns(1, "PipelineStatsisticsBody");
                    });
                    ImGui::PopStyleVar();
                }
            }
            ImGui::End();
        }

        void ImGuiPipelineStatisticsView::CreateAttributeRow(const PassEntry* passEntry, const PassEntry* rootEntry)
        {
            [[maybe_unused]] const uint32_t columnCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(ImGui::GetColumnsCount());
            AZ_Assert(columnCount == ImGuiPipelineStatisticsView::HeaderAttributeCount, "The column count needs to match HeaderAttributeCount.");

            ImGui::Separator();

            // Draw the pass name.
            {
                AZStd::string passName(passEntry->m_name.GetCStr());
                if (m_showPassTreeState)
                {
                    const char* passTreeState = passEntry->m_isParent ? "Parent" : "Child";
                    passName = AZStd::string::format("%s (%s)", passName.c_str(), passTreeState);
                }

                ImGui::Text("%s", passName.c_str());

                // Show a HoverMarker if the text is bigger than the column.
                const ImVec2 textSize = ImGui::CalcTextSize(passName.c_str());
                const uint32_t passNameIndex = 0u;

                // Set the column width.
                ImGui::SetColumnWidth(passNameIndex, m_headerColumnWidth[passNameIndex]);

                // Create a hover marker when the pass name exceeds the column width.
                if (textSize.x > m_headerColumnWidth[passNameIndex])
                {
                    GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::HoverMarker(passName.c_str());
                }
            }

            ImGui::NextColumn();

            // Change the value(hsv) according to the normalized value.
            for (int32_t attributeIdx = 0; attributeIdx < PassEntry::PipelineStatisticsAttributeCount; attributeIdx++)
            {
                // Set the width of the column depending on the header column.
                const int32_t attributeHeaderIndex = attributeIdx + 1;
                ImGui::SetColumnWidth(attributeHeaderIndex, m_headerColumnWidth[attributeHeaderIndex]);

                // Calculate the normalized value if the RootEntry is valid.
                float normalized = 0.0f;
                if (rootEntry)
                {
                    const double attributeLimit = static_cast<double>(rootEntry->m_pipelineStatistics[attributeIdx]);
                    const double attribute = static_cast<double>(passEntry->m_pipelineStatistics[attributeIdx]);
                    normalized = static_cast<float>(attribute / attributeLimit);
                }

                // Color code the cell depending on the contribution of the attribute to the attribute limit.
                ImVec4 rgb = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
                if (m_enableColorCoding)
                {
                    // Interpolate in HSV, then convert hsv to rgb.
                    const ImVec4 hsv = { 161.0f, 95.0f, normalized * 80.0f, 0.0f };
                    ImGui::ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(hsv.x / 360.0f, hsv.y / 100.0f, hsv.z / 100.0f, rgb.x, rgb.y, rgb.z);
                }

                // Draw the attribute cell.
                GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Header, rgb, [&, this]()
                {
                    // Threshold to determine if a text needs to change to black.
                    const float changeTextColorThreshold = 0.9f;

                    // Make the text black if the cell becomes too bright.
                    const bool textColorChanged = m_enableColorCoding && normalized > changeTextColorThreshold;
                    if (textColorChanged)
                    {
                        const ImVec4 black = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
                        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, black);
                    }

                    AZStd::string label;
                    if (rootEntry && m_showAttributeContribution)
                    {
                        label = AZStd::string::format("%llu (%u%%)",
                            static_cast<AZ::u64>(passEntry->m_pipelineStatistics[attributeIdx]),
                            static_cast<uint32_t>(normalized * 100.0f));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        label = AZStd::string::format("%llu",
                            static_cast<AZ::u64>(passEntry->m_pipelineStatistics[attributeIdx]));
                    }

                    if (rootEntry)
                    {
                        ImGui::Selectable(label.c_str(), true);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        ImGui::Text("%s", label.c_str());
                    }

                    if (textColorChanged)
                    {
                        ImGui::PopStyleColor();
                    }
                });

                ImGui::NextColumn();
            }
        }

        void ImGuiPipelineStatisticsView::SortView()
        {
            const StatisticsSortType sortType = GetSortType();

            if (sortType == StatisticsSortType::Alphabetical)
            {
                // Sort depending on the PassEntry's names.
                AZStd::sort(m_passEntryReferences.begin(), m_passEntryReferences.end(), [this](const PassEntry* left, const PassEntry* right)
                {
                    if (IsSortStateInverted())
                    {
                        AZStd::swap(left, right);
                    }

                    return left->m_name.GetStringView() < right->m_name.GetStringView();
                });
            }
            else if (sortType == StatisticsSortType::Numerical)
            {
                // Sort depending on a numerical attribute.
                AZStd::sort(m_passEntryReferences.begin(), m_passEntryReferences.end(), [this](const PassEntry* left, const PassEntry* right)
                {
                    if (IsSortStateInverted())
                    {
                        AZStd::swap(left, right);
                    }
                    const uint32_t sortingIndex = GetSortIndex();
                    AZ_Assert(sortingIndex != 0u, "Trying to sort on name");

                    return left->m_pipelineStatistics[sortingIndex - 1u] > right->m_pipelineStatistics[sortingIndex - 1u];
                });
            }
        }

        uint32_t ImGuiPipelineStatisticsView::GetSortIndex() const
        {
            return m_sortIndex / SortVariantPerColumn;
        }

        ImGuiPipelineStatisticsView::StatisticsSortType ImGuiPipelineStatisticsView::GetSortType() const
        {
            // The first column (Pass Name) is the only column that requires the items to be sorted in an alphabetic manner.
            if (GetSortIndex() == 0u)
            {
                return StatisticsSortType::Alphabetical;
            }
            else
            {
                return StatisticsSortType::Numerical;
            }
        }

        bool ImGuiPipelineStatisticsView::IsSortStateInverted() const
        {
            return m_sortIndex % SortVariantPerColumn;
        }

        // --- ImGuiTimestampView ---

        void ImGuiTimestampView::DrawTimestampWindow(
            bool& draw, const PassEntry* rootPassEntry, AZStd::unordered_map<Name, PassEntry>& timestampEntryDatabase,
            AZ::RHI::Ptr<RPI::ParentPass> rootPass)
        {
            // Early out if nothing is supposed to be drawn
            if (!draw)
            {
                return;
            }

            // Clear the references from the previous frame.
            m_passEntryReferences.clear();

            struct PerDevicePassData
            {
                // pass entry grid based on its timestamp
                AZStd::vector<PassEntry*> sortedPassEntries;
                AZStd::vector<AZStd::vector<PassEntry*>> sortedPassGrid;
                RPI::TimestampResult gpuTimestamp;
            };

            AZStd::map<int, PerDevicePassData> passEntriesMap;

            // Set the child of the parent, only if it passes the filter.
            for (auto& [passName, passEntry] : timestampEntryDatabase)
            {
                // Collect all pass entries with non-zero durations
                if (passEntry.m_timestampResult.GetDurationInTicks() > 0)
                {
                    auto it{ passEntriesMap.find(passEntry.m_deviceIndex) };
                    if (it == passEntriesMap.end())
                    {
                        it = passEntriesMap.insert({ passEntry.m_deviceIndex, PerDevicePassData{} }).first;
                    }
                    it->second.sortedPassEntries.push_back(&passEntry);
                }

                // Skip the pass if the pass' timestamp duration is 0
                if (m_hideZeroPasses && (!passEntry.m_isParent) && passEntry.m_timestampResult.GetDurationInTicks() == 0)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                // Only add pass if it pass the filter.
                if (m_passFilter.PassFilter(passEntry.m_name.GetCStr()))
                {
                    if (passEntry.m_parent && !passEntry.m_linked)
                    {
                        passEntry.m_parent->LinkChild(&passEntry);
                        passEntry.m_parent->PropagateDeviceIndex(passEntry.m_deviceIndex);
                    }

                    AZ_Assert(
                        m_passEntryReferences.size() < TimestampEntryCount,
                        "Too many PassEntry references. Increase the size of the array.");
                    m_passEntryReferences.push_back(&passEntry);
                }
            }

            for (auto& [deviceIndex, passEntries] : passEntriesMap)
            {
                // Sort the pass entries based on their starting time and duration
                AZStd::sort(
                    passEntries.sortedPassEntries.begin(),
                    passEntries.sortedPassEntries.end(),
                    [](const PassEntry* passEntry1, const PassEntry* passEntry2)
                    {
                        if (passEntry1->m_timestampResult.GetTimestampBeginInTicks() ==
                            passEntry2->m_timestampResult.GetTimestampBeginInTicks())
                        {
                            return passEntry1->m_timestampResult.GetDurationInTicks() < passEntry2->m_timestampResult.GetDurationInTicks();
                        }
                        return passEntry1->m_timestampResult.GetTimestampBeginInTicks() <
                            passEntry2->m_timestampResult.GetTimestampBeginInTicks();
                    });

                // calculate the total GPU duration.
                if (passEntries.sortedPassEntries.size() > 0)
                {
                    passEntries.gpuTimestamp = passEntries.sortedPassEntries.front()->m_timestampResult;
                    passEntries.gpuTimestamp.Add(passEntries.sortedPassEntries.back()->m_timestampResult);
                }

                // Add a pass to the pass grid which none of the pass's timestamp range won't overlap each other.
                // Search each row until the pass can be added to the end of row without overlap the previous one.
                for (auto& passEntry : passEntries.sortedPassEntries)
                {
                    auto row = passEntries.sortedPassGrid.begin();
                    for (; row != passEntries.sortedPassGrid.end(); row++)
                    {
                        if (row->empty())
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                        auto last = (*row).back();
                        if (passEntry->m_timestampResult.GetTimestampBeginInTicks() >=
                            last->m_timestampResult.GetTimestampBeginInTicks() + last->m_timestampResult.GetDurationInTicks())
                        {
                            row->push_back(passEntry);
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    if (row == passEntries.sortedPassGrid.end())
                    {
                        passEntries.sortedPassGrid.emplace_back().push_back(passEntry);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Refresh timestamp query
            bool needEnable = false;
            if (!m_paused)
            {
                if (m_refreshType == RefreshType::OncePerSecond)
                {
                    auto now = AZStd::GetTimeNowMicroSecond();
                    if (now - m_lastUpdateTimeMicroSecond > 1000000)
                    {
                        needEnable = true;
                        m_lastUpdateTimeMicroSecond = now;
                    }
                }
                else if (m_refreshType == RefreshType::Realtime)
                {
                    needEnable = true;
                }
            }

            if (rootPass->IsTimestampQueryEnabled() != needEnable)
            {
                rootPass->SetTimestampQueryEnabled(needEnable);
            }

            const ImVec2 windowSize(1240.0f, 620.0f);
            ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(windowSize, ImGuiCond_Once);
            if (ImGui::Begin("Timestamp View", &draw, ImGuiWindowFlags_None))
            {
                // Draw the header.
                {
                    // Pause/unpause the profiling
                    if (ImGui::Button(m_paused? "Resume":"Pause"))
                    {
                        m_paused = !m_paused;
                    }

                    // Draw the frame time (GPU).
                    for (auto& [deviceIndex, passEntries] : passEntriesMap)
                    {
                        const AZStd::string formattedTimestamp =
                            FormatTimestampLabel(passEntriesMap[deviceIndex].gpuTimestamp.GetDurationInNanoseconds());
                        const AZStd::string headerFrameTime =
                            AZStd::string::format("Total frame duration (GPU %d): %s", deviceIndex, formattedTimestamp.c_str());
                        ImGui::Text("%s", headerFrameTime.c_str());
                    }

                    // Draw the viewing option.
                    ImGui::RadioButton("Hierarchical", reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&m_viewType), static_cast<int32_t>(ProfilerViewType::Hierarchical));
                    ImGui::SameLine();
                    ImGui::RadioButton("Flat", reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&m_viewType), static_cast<int32_t>(ProfilerViewType::Flat));

                    // Draw the refresh option
                    ImGui::RadioButton("Realtime", reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&m_refreshType), static_cast<int32_t>(RefreshType::Realtime));
                    ImGui::SameLine();
                    ImGui::RadioButton("Once Per Second", reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&m_refreshType), static_cast<int32_t>(RefreshType::OncePerSecond));

                    // Show/hide non-parent passes which have zero execution time
                    ImGui::Checkbox("Hide Zero Cost Passes", &m_hideZeroPasses);

                    // Show/hide the timeline bar of all the passes which has non-zero execution time
                    ImGui::Checkbox("Show Timeline", &m_showTimeline);

                    // Draw advanced options.
                    const ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags = ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_None;
                    GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::TreeNode("Advanced options", flags, [this](bool unrolled)
                    {
                        if (unrolled)
                        {
                            // Draw the timestamp metric unit option.
                            ImGui::RadioButton("Timestamp in ms", reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&m_timestampMetricUnit), static_cast<int32_t>(TimestampMetricUnit::Milliseconds));
                            ImGui::SameLine();
                            ImGui::RadioButton("Timestamp in ns", reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&m_timestampMetricUnit), static_cast<int32_t>(TimestampMetricUnit::Nanoseconds));

                            // Draw the frame load view option.
                            ImGui::RadioButton("Frame load in 30 FPS", reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&m_frameWorkloadView), static_cast<int32_t>(FrameWorkloadView::FpsView30));
                            ImGui::SameLine();
                            ImGui::RadioButton("Frame load in 60 FPS", reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&m_frameWorkloadView), static_cast<int32_t>(FrameWorkloadView::FpsView60));
                        }
                    });
                }

                ImGui::Separator();

                // Draw the pass entry grid
                for (auto& [deviceIndex, passEntries] : passEntriesMap)
                {
                    if (!passEntries.sortedPassEntries.empty() && m_showTimeline)
                    {
                        const float passBarHeight = 20.f;
                        const float passBarSpace = 3.f;
                        float areaWidth = ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x - 20.f;

                        ImGui::Text("GPU %d", deviceIndex);
                        AZStd::string childID{ "Timeline" + AZStd::to_string(deviceIndex) };
                        if (ImGui::BeginChild(
                                childID.c_str(),
                                ImVec2(areaWidth, (passBarHeight + passBarSpace) * passEntries.sortedPassGrid.size()),
                                false))
                        {
                            // start tick and end tick for the area
                            uint64_t areaStartTick = passEntries.sortedPassEntries.front()->m_timestampResult.GetTimestampBeginInTicks();
                            uint64_t areaEndTick = passEntries.sortedPassEntries.back()->m_timestampResult.GetTimestampBeginInTicks() +
                                passEntries.sortedPassEntries.back()->m_timestampResult.GetDurationInTicks();
                            uint64_t areaDurationInTicks = areaEndTick - areaStartTick;

                            float rowStartY = 0.f;
                            for (auto& row : passEntries.sortedPassGrid)
                            {
                                // row start y
                                for (auto passEntry : row)
                                {
                                    // button start and end
                                    float buttonStartX = (passEntry->m_timestampResult.GetTimestampBeginInTicks() - areaStartTick) *
                                        areaWidth / areaDurationInTicks;
                                    float buttonWidth = passEntry->m_timestampResult.GetDurationInTicks() * areaWidth / areaDurationInTicks;
                                    ImGui::SetCursorPosX(buttonStartX);
                                    ImGui::SetCursorPosY(rowStartY);

                                    // Adds a button and the hover colors.
                                    ImGui::Button(passEntry->m_name.GetCStr(), ImVec2(buttonWidth, passBarHeight));

                                    if (ImGui::IsItemHovered())
                                    {
                                        ImGui::BeginTooltip();
                                        ImGui::Text("Name: %s", passEntry->m_name.GetCStr());
                                        ImGui::Text("Path: %s", passEntry->m_path.GetCStr());
                                        ImGui::Text(
                                            "Duration in ticks: %llu",
                                            static_cast<AZ::u64>(passEntry->m_timestampResult.GetDurationInTicks()));
                                        ImGui::Text(
                                            "Duration in microsecond: %.3f us",
                                            passEntry->m_timestampResult.GetDurationInNanoseconds() / 1000.f);
                                        ImGui::EndTooltip();
                                    }
                                }

                                rowStartY += passBarHeight + passBarSpace;
                            }
                        }
                        ImGui::EndChild();

                        ImGui::Separator();
                    }
                }

                // Draw the timestamp view.
                {
                    static const AZStd::array<const char*, static_cast<int32_t>(TimestampMetricUnit::Count)> MetricUnitText =
                    {
                        {
                            "ms",
                            "ns",
                        }
                    };

                    static const AZStd::array<const char*, static_cast<int32_t>(FrameWorkloadView::Count)> FrameWorkloadUnit =
                    {
                        {
                            "30",
                            "60",
                        }
                    };

                    m_passFilter.Draw("Pass Name Filter");

                    float areaWidth = ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x / passEntriesMap.size();
                    for (auto& [deviceIndex, passEntries] : passEntriesMap)
                    {
                        AZStd::string childID{ "Passes" + AZStd::to_string(deviceIndex) };

                        if (ImGui::BeginChild(childID.c_str(), ImVec2(areaWidth, 0)))
                        {
                            // Set column settings.
                            ImGui::Columns(3, "view", false);
                            ImGui::SetColumnWidth(0, 340.0f);
                            ImGui::SetColumnWidth(1, 100.0f);

                            if (m_viewType == ProfilerViewType::Hierarchical)
                            {
                                // Set the tab header.
                                {
                                    ImGui::Text("Pass Names");
                                    ImGui::NextColumn();

                                    // Render the text depending on the metric unit.
                                    {
                                        const int32_t timestampMetricUnitNumeric = static_cast<int32_t>(m_timestampMetricUnit);
                                        const AZStd::string metricUnitText =
                                            AZStd::string::format("Time in %s", MetricUnitText[timestampMetricUnitNumeric]);
                                        ImGui::Text("%s", metricUnitText.c_str());
                                        ImGui::NextColumn();
                                    }

                                    // Render the text depending on the metric unit.
                                    {
                                        const int32_t frameWorkloadViewNumeric = static_cast<int32_t>(m_frameWorkloadView);
                                        const AZStd::string frameWorkloadViewText =
                                            AZStd::string::format("Frame workload in %s FPS", FrameWorkloadUnit[frameWorkloadViewNumeric]);
                                        ImGui::Text("%s", frameWorkloadViewText.c_str());
                                        ImGui::NextColumn();
                                    }

                                    ImGui::Separator();
                                }

                                // Draw the hierarchical view.
                                DrawHierarchicalView(rootPassEntry, deviceIndex);
                            }
                            else if (m_viewType == ProfilerViewType::Flat)
                            {
                                // Set the tab header.
                                {
                                    // Check whether it should be sorted by name.
                                    const uint32_t sortType = static_cast<uint32_t>(m_sortType);
                                    AZ_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNING(4296, "-Wunknown-warning-option")
                                    bool sortByName =
                                        (sortType >= static_cast<uint32_t>(ProfilerSortType::Alphabetical) &&
                                         (sortType < static_cast<uint32_t>(ProfilerSortType::AlphabeticalCount)));
                                    AZ_POP_DISABLE_WARNING

                                    if (ImGui::Selectable("Pass Names", sortByName))
                                    {
                                        ToggleOrSwitchSortType(ProfilerSortType::Alphabetical, ProfilerSortType::AlphabeticalCount);
                                    }
                                    ImGui::NextColumn();

                                    if (ImGui::Selectable("Time in ms", !sortByName))
                                    {
                                        ToggleOrSwitchSortType(ProfilerSortType::Timestamp, ProfilerSortType::TimestampCount);
                                    }
                                    ImGui::NextColumn();

                                    const int32_t frameWorkloadViewNumeric = static_cast<int32_t>(m_frameWorkloadView);
                                    const AZStd::string frameWorkloadViewText =
                                        AZStd::string::format("Frame workload in %s FPS", FrameWorkloadUnit[frameWorkloadViewNumeric]);
                                    ImGui::Text("%s", frameWorkloadViewText.c_str());
                                    ImGui::NextColumn();
                                }

                                ImGui::Separator();

                                // Create the sorting buttons.
                                SortFlatView();
                                DrawFlatView(deviceIndex);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                AZ_Assert(false, "Invalid ViewType.");
                            }

                            // Set back to default.
                            ImGui::Columns(1, "view", false);
                        }
                        ImGui::EndChild();
                        ImGui::SameLine();
                    }
                }
            }
            ImGui::End();

        }

        void ImGuiTimestampView::DrawFrameWorkloadBar(double value) const
        {
            // Interpolate the color of the bar depending on the load.
            const float fvalue = AZStd::clamp(static_cast<float>(value), 0.0f, 1.0f);

            static const Vector3 lowHSV(161.0f / 360.0f, 95.0f / 100.0f, 80.0f / 100.0f);
            static const Vector3 highHSV(1.0f / 360.0f, 68.0f / 100.0f, 80.0f / 100.0f);
            const Vector3 colorHSV = lowHSV + (highHSV - lowHSV) * fvalue;

            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram, static_cast<ImVec4>(ImColor::HSV(colorHSV.GetX(), colorHSV.GetY(), colorHSV.GetZ())));
            ImGui::ProgressBar(fvalue);
            ImGui::PopStyleColor(1);
        }

        void ImGuiTimestampView::DrawHierarchicalView(const PassEntry* entry, int deviceIndex) const
        {
            const AZStd::string entryTime = FormatTimestampLabel(entry->m_interpolatedTimestampInNanoseconds);

            const auto drawWorkloadBar = [this](const AZStd::string& entryTime, const PassEntry* entry)
            {
                ImGui::NextColumn();
                if (entry->m_isParent)
                {
                    ImGui::NextColumn();
                    ImGui::NextColumn();
                }
                else
                {
                    ImGui::Text("%s", entryTime.c_str());
                    ImGui::NextColumn();
                    DrawFrameWorkloadBar(NormalizeFrameWorkload(entry->m_interpolatedTimestampInNanoseconds));
                    ImGui::NextColumn();
                }
            };

            static const auto createHoverMarker = [](const char* text)
            {
                const ImVec2 textSize = ImGui::CalcTextSize(text);
                const int32_t passNameColumnIndex = 0;
                if (textSize.x + ImGui::GetCursorPosX() > ImGui::GetColumnWidth(passNameColumnIndex))
                {
                    GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::HoverMarker(text);
                }
            };

            if (entry->m_children.empty() && entry->m_deviceIndex == deviceIndex)
            {
                // Draw the workload bar when it doesn't have children.
                ImGui::Text("%s", entry->m_name.GetCStr());
                // Show a HoverMarker if the text is bigger than the column.
                createHoverMarker(entry->m_name.GetCStr());

                drawWorkloadBar(entryTime, entry);
            }
            else if (entry->m_childrenDeviceIndices.contains(deviceIndex))
            {
                // Recursively create another tree node.
                const ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags = ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnArrow | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnDoubleClick | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen;
                GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::TreeNode(
                    entry->m_name.GetCStr(),
                    flags,
                    [&drawWorkloadBar, &entryTime, entry, this, deviceIndex](bool unrolled)
                    {
                        // Show a HoverMarker if the text is bigger than the column.
                        createHoverMarker(entry->m_name.GetCStr());

                        drawWorkloadBar(entryTime, entry);

                        if (unrolled)
                        {
                            for (const PassEntry* child : entry->m_children)
                            {
                                DrawHierarchicalView(child, deviceIndex);
                            }
                        }
                    });
            }
        }

        void ImGuiTimestampView::SortFlatView()
        {
            const uint32_t ProfilerSortTypeCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(ProfilerSortType::Count);

            using SortTypeAndFunctionPair = AZStd::pair<ProfilerSortType, AZStd::function<bool(PassEntry*, PassEntry*)>>;
            static const AZStd::array<SortTypeAndFunctionPair, ProfilerSortTypeCount> profilerSortMap =
            {
                {
                    AZStd::make_pair(ProfilerSortType::Alphabetical,        [](PassEntry* left, PassEntry* right) {return left->m_name.GetStringView() < right->m_name.GetStringView(); }),
                    AZStd::make_pair(ProfilerSortType::AlphabeticalInverse, [](PassEntry* left, PassEntry* right) {return left->m_name.GetStringView() > right->m_name.GetStringView(); }),
                    AZStd::make_pair(ProfilerSortType::Timestamp,           [](PassEntry* left, PassEntry* right) {return left->m_interpolatedTimestampInNanoseconds > right->m_interpolatedTimestampInNanoseconds; }),
                    AZStd::make_pair(ProfilerSortType::TimestampInverse,    [](PassEntry* left, PassEntry* right) {return left->m_interpolatedTimestampInNanoseconds < right->m_interpolatedTimestampInNanoseconds; })
                }
            };

            auto it = AZStd::find_if(profilerSortMap.begin(), profilerSortMap.end(), [this](const SortTypeAndFunctionPair& sortTypeAndFunctionPair)
            {
                return sortTypeAndFunctionPair.first == m_sortType;
            });

            AZ_Assert(it != profilerSortMap.end(), "The functor associated with the SortType doesn't exist");

            AZStd::sort(m_passEntryReferences.begin(), m_passEntryReferences.end(), it->second);
        }

        void ImGuiTimestampView::DrawFlatView(int deviceIndex) const
        {
            // Draw the flat view.
            for (const PassEntry* entry : m_passEntryReferences)
            {
                if (entry->m_isParent || entry->m_deviceIndex != deviceIndex)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                const AZStd::string entryTime = FormatTimestampLabel(entry->m_interpolatedTimestampInNanoseconds);

                ImGui::Text("%s", entry->m_name.GetCStr());
                ImGui::NextColumn();
                ImGui::Text("%s", entryTime.c_str());
                ImGui::NextColumn();
                DrawFrameWorkloadBar(NormalizeFrameWorkload(entry->m_interpolatedTimestampInNanoseconds));
                ImGui::NextColumn();
            }
        }

        double ImGuiTimestampView::NanoToMilliseconds(uint64_t nanoseconds) const
        {
            // Nanoseconds to Milliseconds inverse multiplier (1 / 1000000)
            const double inverseMultiplier = 0.000001;
            return static_cast<double>(nanoseconds) * inverseMultiplier;
        }

        void ImGuiTimestampView::ToggleOrSwitchSortType(ProfilerSortType start, ProfilerSortType count)
        {
            const uint32_t startNumerical = static_cast<uint32_t>(start);
            const uint32_t countNumerical = static_cast<uint32_t>(count);
            const uint32_t offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(m_sortType) - startNumerical;

            if (offset < countNumerical)
            {
                // Change the sorting order.
                m_sortType = static_cast<ProfilerSortType>(((offset + 1u) % countNumerical) + startNumerical);
            }
            else
            {
                // Change the sorting type.
                m_sortType = start;
            }
        }

        double ImGuiTimestampView::NormalizeFrameWorkload(uint64_t timestamp) const
        {
            static const AZStd::array<double, static_cast<int32_t>(FrameWorkloadView::Count)> TimestampToViewMap =
            {
                {
                    33000000.0,
                    16000000.0,
                }
            };

            const int32_t frameWorkloadViewNumeric = static_cast<int32_t>(m_frameWorkloadView);
            AZ_Assert(frameWorkloadViewNumeric <= TimestampToViewMap.size(), "The frame workload view is invalid.");

            return static_cast<double>(timestamp) / TimestampToViewMap[frameWorkloadViewNumeric];
        }

        AZStd::string ImGuiTimestampView::FormatTimestampLabel(uint64_t timestamp) const
        {
            if (m_timestampMetricUnit == TimestampMetricUnit::Milliseconds)
            {
                const char* timeFormat = "%.4f %s";
                const char* timeType = "ms";
                const double timestampInMs = NanoToMilliseconds(timestamp);
                return AZStd::string::format(timeFormat, timestampInMs, timeType);
            }
            else if (m_timestampMetricUnit == TimestampMetricUnit::Nanoseconds)
            {
                const char* timeFormat = "%llu %s";
                const char* timeType = "ns";
                return AZStd::string::format(timeFormat, timestamp, timeType);
            }
            else
            {
                return AZStd::string("Invalid");
            }
        }

        // --- ImGuiGpuMemoryView ---

        ImGuiGpuMemoryView::ImGuiGpuMemoryView()
        {
            AZ::IO::Path path = AZ::Utils::GetO3deLogsDirectory().c_str();

            path /= "MemoryCaptures";

            AZ::IO::SystemFile::CreateDir(path.c_str());

            m_memoryCapturePath = path.c_str();
        }

        ImGuiGpuMemoryView::~ImGuiGpuMemoryView()
        {
            if (m_hostTreemap)
            {
                if (auto treemapFactory = Profiler::ImGuiTreemapFactory::Interface::Get())
                {
                    treemapFactory->Destroy(m_hostTreemap);
                    treemapFactory->Destroy(m_deviceTreemap);
                }
            }
        }

        void ImGuiGpuMemoryView::SortPoolTable(ImGuiTableSortSpecs* sortSpecs)
        {
            const bool ascending = sortSpecs->Specs->SortDirection == ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending;
            const ImS16 columnToSort = sortSpecs->Specs->ColumnIndex;

            // Sort by the appropriate column in the table
            switch (columnToSort)
            {
            case (0): // Sort by pool name
                AZStd::sort(m_poolTableRows.begin(), m_poolTableRows.end(),
                    [ascending](const PoolTableRow& lhs, const PoolTableRow& rhs)
                    {
                        const auto lhsParentPool = lhs.m_poolName.GetStringView();
                        const auto rhsParentPool = rhs.m_poolName.GetStringView();
                        return ascending ? lhsParentPool < rhsParentPool : lhsParentPool > rhsParentPool;
                    });
                break;
            case (1): // Sort by pool type
                AZStd::sort(m_poolTableRows.begin(), m_poolTableRows.end(),
                    [ascending](const PoolTableRow& lhs, const PoolTableRow& rhs)
                    {
                        const auto lhsHeapType = lhs.m_deviceHeap ? 0 : 1;
                        const auto rhsHeapType = rhs.m_deviceHeap ? 0 : 1;
                        return ascending ? lhsHeapType < rhsHeapType : lhsHeapType > rhsHeapType;
                    });
                break;
            case (2): // Sort by budget
                AZStd::sort(m_poolTableRows.begin(), m_poolTableRows.end(),
                    [ascending](const PoolTableRow& lhs, const PoolTableRow& rhs)
                    {
                        const float lhsBudget = static_cast<float>(lhs.m_budgetBytes);
                        const float rhsBudget = static_cast<float>(rhs.m_budgetBytes);
                        return ascending ? lhsBudget < rhsBudget : lhsBudget > rhsBudget;
                    });
                break;
            case (3): // Sort by reservation
                AZStd::sort(m_poolTableRows.begin(), m_poolTableRows.end(),
                    [ascending](const PoolTableRow& lhs, const PoolTableRow& rhs)
                    {
                        const float lhsReservation = static_cast<float>(lhs.m_allocatedBytes);
                        const float rhsReservation = static_cast<float>(rhs.m_allocatedBytes);
                        return ascending ? lhsReservation < rhsReservation : lhsReservation > rhsReservation;
                    });
                break;
            case (4): // Sort by residency
                AZStd::sort(m_poolTableRows.begin(), m_poolTableRows.end(),
                    [ascending](const PoolTableRow& lhs, const PoolTableRow& rhs)
                    {
                        const float lhsResidency = static_cast<float>(lhs.m_usedBytes);
                        const float rhsResidency = static_cast<float>(rhs.m_usedBytes);
                        return ascending ? lhsResidency < rhsResidency : lhsResidency > rhsResidency;
                    });
                break;
            case (5): // Sort by fragmentation
                AZStd::sort(m_poolTableRows.begin(), m_poolTableRows.end(),
                    [ascending](const PoolTableRow& lhs, const PoolTableRow& rhs)
                    {
                        const float lhsSize = static_cast<float>(lhs.m_fragmentation);
                        const float rhsSize = static_cast<float>(rhs.m_fragmentation);
                        return ascending ? lhsSize < rhsSize : lhsSize > rhsSize;
                    });
                break;
            }
            sortSpecs->SpecsDirty = false;
        }

        void ImGuiGpuMemoryView::SortResourceTable(ImGuiTableSortSpecs* sortSpecs)
        {
            const bool ascending = sortSpecs->Specs->SortDirection == ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending;
            const ImS16 columnToSort = sortSpecs->Specs->ColumnIndex;

            // Sort by the appropriate column in the table
            switch (columnToSort)
            {
            case (0): // Sorting by parent pool name
                AZStd::sort(m_resourceTableRows.begin(), m_resourceTableRows.end(),
                    [ascending](const ResourceTableRow& lhs, const ResourceTableRow& rhs)
                    {
                        const auto lhsParentPool = lhs.m_parentPoolName.GetStringView();
                        const auto rhsParentPool = rhs.m_parentPoolName.GetStringView();
                        return ascending ? lhsParentPool < rhsParentPool : lhsParentPool > rhsParentPool;
                    });
                break;
            case (1): // Sort by buffer/image name
                AZStd::sort(m_resourceTableRows.begin(), m_resourceTableRows.end(),
                    [ascending](const ResourceTableRow& lhs, const ResourceTableRow& rhs)
                    {
                        const auto lhsName = lhs.m_bufImgName.GetStringView();
                        const auto rhsName = rhs.m_bufImgName.GetStringView();
                        return ascending ? lhsName < rhsName : lhsName > rhsName;
                    });
                break;
            case (2): // Sort by memory usage
                AZStd::sort(m_resourceTableRows.begin(), m_resourceTableRows.end(),
                    [ascending](const ResourceTableRow& lhs, const ResourceTableRow& rhs)
                    {
                        const float lhsSize = static_cast<float>(lhs.m_sizeInBytes);
                        const float rhsSize = static_cast<float>(rhs.m_sizeInBytes);
                        return ascending ? lhsSize < rhsSize : lhsSize > rhsSize;
                    });
                break;
            case (3): // Sort by fragmentation
                AZStd::sort(m_resourceTableRows.begin(), m_resourceTableRows.end(),
                    [ascending](const ResourceTableRow& lhs, const ResourceTableRow& rhs)
                    {
                        const float lhsSize = static_cast<float>(lhs.m_fragmentation);
                        const float rhsSize = static_cast<float>(rhs.m_fragmentation);
                        return ascending ? lhsSize < rhsSize : lhsSize > rhsSize;
                    });
                break;
            }
            sortSpecs->SpecsDirty = false;
        }

        void ImGuiGpuMemoryView::DrawTables()
        {
            if (m_poolTableRows.empty())
            {
                return;
            }

            if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Buffer Pools", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Framed))
            {
                if (ImGui::BeginTable("PoolTable", 7, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable))
                {
                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Pool");
                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Heap Type");
                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Budget (MB)");
                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Allocated (MB)");
                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Used (MB)");
                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Fragmentation (%)");
                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Unique (MB)");
                    ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();

                    ImGuiTableSortSpecs* sortSpecs = ImGui::TableGetSortSpecs();
                    if (sortSpecs && sortSpecs->SpecsDirty)
                    {
                        SortPoolTable(sortSpecs);
                    }

                    for (const auto& tableRow : m_poolTableRows)
                    {
                        ImGui::Text("%s", tableRow.m_poolName.GetCStr());
                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
                        ImGui::Text("%s", tableRow.m_deviceHeap ? "Device" : "Host");
                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
                        ImGui::Text("%.4f", 1.0f * tableRow.m_budgetBytes / GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::MB);
                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
                        ImGui::Text("%.4f", 1.0f * tableRow.m_allocatedBytes / GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::MB);
                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
                        ImGui::Text("%.4f", 1.0f * tableRow.m_usedBytes / GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::MB);
                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
                        ImGui::Text("%.4f", tableRow.m_fragmentation);
                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
                        ImGui::Text("%.4f", 1.0f * tableRow.m_uniqueBytes / GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::MB);
                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
                    }
                }
                ImGui::EndTable();
            }

            if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Allocations", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Framed))
            {
                if (ImGui::BeginTable("Table", 5, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable))
                {
                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Parent pool");
                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Name");
                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Size (MB)");
                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Fragmentation (%)");
                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("BindFlags", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSort);
                    ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();

                    ImGuiTableSortSpecs* sortSpecs = ImGui::TableGetSortSpecs();
                    if (sortSpecs && sortSpecs->SpecsDirty)
                    {
                        SortResourceTable(sortSpecs);
                    }

                    // Draw each row in the table
                    for (const auto& tableRow : m_resourceTableRows)
                    {
                        // Don't draw the row if none of the row's text fields pass the filter
                        if (!m_nameFilter.PassFilter(tableRow.m_parentPoolName.GetCStr())
                            && !m_nameFilter.PassFilter(tableRow.m_bufImgName.GetCStr())
                            && !m_nameFilter.PassFilter(tableRow.m_bindFlags.c_str()))
                        {
                            continue;
                        }

                        ImGui::Text("%s", tableRow.m_parentPoolName.GetCStr());
                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
                        ImGui::Text("%s", tableRow.m_bufImgName.GetCStr());
                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
                        ImGui::Text("%.4f", 1.0f * tableRow.m_sizeInBytes / GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::MB);
                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
                        ImGui::Text("%.4f", tableRow.m_fragmentation);
                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
                        ImGui::Text("%s", tableRow.m_bindFlags.c_str());
                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
                    }
                }
                ImGui::EndTable();
            }
        }

        void ImGuiGpuMemoryView::UpdateTableRows()
        {
            // Update the table according to the latest filters applied
            m_poolTableRows.clear();
            m_resourceTableRows.clear();
            for (const auto& pool : m_savedPools)
            {
                Name poolName = pool.m_name.IsEmpty() ? Name("Unnamed pool") : pool.m_name;
                auto& deviceHeapUsage = pool.m_memoryUsage.GetHeapMemoryUsage(AZ::RHI::HeapMemoryLevel::Device);
                auto& hostHeapUsage = pool.m_memoryUsage.GetHeapMemoryUsage(AZ::RHI::HeapMemoryLevel::Host);

                if ((!m_hideEmptyBufferPools || deviceHeapUsage.m_totalResidentInBytes > 0) && deviceHeapUsage.m_totalResidentInBytes < static_cast<size_t>(-1))
                {
                    m_poolTableRows.push_back({ poolName, true, deviceHeapUsage.m_budgetInBytes, deviceHeapUsage.m_totalResidentInBytes,
                                                deviceHeapUsage.m_usedResidentInBytes, deviceHeapUsage.m_fragmentation, deviceHeapUsage.m_uniqueAllocationBytes });
                }
                if ((!m_hideEmptyBufferPools || hostHeapUsage.m_totalResidentInBytes > 0) && hostHeapUsage.m_totalResidentInBytes < static_cast<size_t>(-1))
                {
                    m_poolTableRows.push_back({ poolName, false, hostHeapUsage.m_budgetInBytes, hostHeapUsage.m_totalResidentInBytes,
                                                hostHeapUsage.m_usedResidentInBytes, hostHeapUsage.m_fragmentation, hostHeapUsage.m_uniqueAllocationBytes });
                }

                // Ignore transient pools
                if (!m_includeTransientAttachments && pool.m_name.GetStringView().contains("Transient"))
                {
                    continue;
                }

                if (m_includeBuffers)
                {
                    for (const auto& buf : pool.m_buffers)
                    {
                        const Name bufName = buf.m_name.IsEmpty() ? Name("Unnamed Buffer") : buf.m_name;
                        const AZStd::string flags = GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::GetBufferBindStrings(buf.m_bindFlags);
                        m_resourceTableRows.push_back({ poolName, bufName, buf.m_sizeInBytes, buf.m_fragmentation, flags });
                    }
                }

                if (m_includeImages)
                {
                    for (const auto& img : pool.m_images)
                    {
                        const Name imgName = img.m_name.IsEmpty() ? Name("Unnamed Image") : img.m_name;
                        const AZStd::string flags = GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::GetImageBindStrings(img.m_bindFlags);
                        m_resourceTableRows.push_back({ poolName, imgName, img.m_sizeInBytes, 0.f, flags });
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        void ImGuiGpuMemoryView::DrawPieChart(const AZ::RHI::MemoryStatistics::Heap& heap)
        {
            if (ImGui::BeginChild("PieChart", {150, 150}, true))
            {
                ImDrawList* drawList = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
                const auto [wx, wy] = ImGui::GetWindowPos();
                const auto [windowWidth, windowHeight] = ImGui::GetWindowSize();
                const ImVec2 center = { wx + windowWidth / 2, wy + windowHeight / 2 };
                const float radius = windowWidth / 2 - 10;

                // Draw the pie chart
                drawList->AddCircleFilled(center, radius, ImGui::GetColorU32({.3, .3, .3, 1}));
                const float usagePercent = 1.0f * heap.m_memoryUsage.m_totalResidentInBytes / heap.m_memoryUsage.m_budgetInBytes;
                drawList->PathArcTo(center, radius, 0, AZ::Constants::TwoPi * usagePercent); // Clockwise starting from rightmost point
                drawList->PathArcTo(center, 0, 0, 0); // To center
                drawList->PathArcTo(center, radius, 0, 0); // Back to starting position
                drawList->PathFillConvex(ImGui::GetColorU32({ .039, .8, 0.556, 1 }));
                ImGui::Text("%.2f%%", usagePercent * 100);
            }
            ImGui::EndChild();
        }

        void ImGuiGpuMemoryView::PerformCapture()
        {
            // Collect and save new GPU memory usage data
            RHI::RHIMemoryStatisticsInterface* rhiMemStats = RHI::RHIMemoryStatisticsInterface::Get();
            const auto* memoryStatistics = rhiMemStats->GetMemoryStatistics();
            if (memoryStatistics)
            {
                m_savedPools = memoryStatistics->m_pools;
                m_savedHeaps = memoryStatistics->m_heaps;

                // Collect the data into TableRows, ignoring depending on flags
                UpdateTableRows();

                UpdateTreemaps();
            }
        }

        void ImGuiGpuMemoryView::DrawGpuMemoryWindow(bool& draw)
        {
            // Enable GPU memory instrumentation while the window is open. Called every draw frame, but just a bitwise operation so overhead should be low.
            auto* rhiSystem = AZ::RHI::RHISystemInterface::Get();
            AZ_Assert(rhiSystem != nullptr, "Error in drawing GPU memory window: RHI System Interface was nullptr");
            rhiSystem->ModifyFrameSchedulerStatisticsFlags(AZ::RHI::FrameSchedulerStatisticsFlags::GatherMemoryStatistics, draw);

            if (!draw)
            {
                return;
            }
             
            ImGui::SetNextWindowSize({ 600, 600 }, ImGuiCond_Once);
            if (ImGui::Begin("Gpu Memory Profiler", &draw, ImGuiViewportFlags_None))
            {
                if (ImGui::Button("Capture"))
                {
                    m_captureMessage.clear();
                    m_loadedCapturePath.clear();
                    PerformCapture();
                }

                ImGui::SameLine();

                if (ImGui::Button("Save"))
                {
                    if (m_savedPools.empty())
                    {
                        m_captureMessage.clear();
                        PerformCapture();
                    }

                    SaveToJSON();
                }
                ImGui::SameLine();
                constexpr static const char* LoadMemoryCaptureTitle = "Select or input memory capture csv file";
                if (ImGui::Button("Load"))
                {
                    m_captureInput[0] = '\0';
                    m_captureSelection = 0;
                    ImGui::OpenPopup(LoadMemoryCaptureTitle);
                }

                // Always center this window when appearing
                ImVec2 center = ImGui::GetMainViewport()->GetCenter();
                ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(center, ImGuiCond_Appearing, ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f));

                if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal(LoadMemoryCaptureTitle, nullptr, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize))
                {
                    AZStd::vector<AZ::IO::Path> captures;

                    // Enumerate files in the capture folder
                    auto* base = AZ::IO::FileIOBase::GetInstance();
                    base->FindFiles(
                        m_memoryCapturePath.c_str(), "*.csv",
                        [&captures](const char* path)
                        {
                            captures.emplace_back(path);
                            return true;
                        });
                    base->FindFiles(
                        m_memoryCapturePath.c_str(), "*.json",
                        [&captures](const char* path)
                        {
                            captures.emplace_back(path);
                            return true;
                        });

                    if (captures.empty())
                    {
                        ImGui::Text("No captures found in %s", m_memoryCapturePath.c_str());
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        ImGui::Text("Displaying %zu captures found in %s", captures.size(), m_memoryCapturePath.c_str());

                        // Sort captures in reverse-chronological order
                        AZStd::sort(
                            captures.begin(), captures.end(),
                            [base](const AZ::IO::Path& lhs, const AZ::IO::Path& rhs)
                            {
                                return base->ModificationTime(rhs.c_str()) < base->ModificationTime(lhs.c_str());
                            });

                        // Display 10 entries in a scrolling list box
                        if (ImGui::BeginListBox(
                                "Memory Captures",
                                ImVec2{ ImGui::GetMainViewport()->Size.x * 0.8f, 10 * ImGui::GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing() }))
                        {
                            for (size_t i = 0; i != captures.size(); ++i)
                            {
                                bool selected = i == m_captureSelection;
                                if (ImGui::Selectable(captures[i].c_str(), selected))
                                {
                                    m_captureSelection = i;
                                }

                                if (selected)
                                {
                                    ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
                                }
                            }
                            ImGui::EndListBox();
                        }

                        if (ImGui::Button("Open"))
                        {
                            if (captures[m_captureSelection].Extension() == ".csv")
                            {
                                LoadFromCSV(captures[m_captureSelection].c_str());
                            }
                            else if (captures[m_captureSelection].Extension() == ".json")
                            {
                                LoadFromJSON(captures[m_captureSelection].c_str());
                            }
                            ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
                        }
                    }

                    // In addition to the directory selection above, provide a means to input a path directly
                    ImGui::InputText("File Path", m_captureInput, AZ::IO::MaxPathLength);
                    AZStd::string manualInput{ m_captureInput };
                    if (manualInput.empty())
                    {
                        ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_Alpha, 0.6f);
                        ImGui::PushItemFlag(ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled, true);
                    }

                    if (ImGui::Button("Open File"))
                    {
                        LoadFromCSV(manualInput);
                        ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
                    }

                    if (manualInput.empty())
                    {
                        ImGui::PopItemFlag();
                        ImGui::PopStyleVar();
                    }

                    if (ImGui::Button("Cancel"))
                    {
                        ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
                    }

                    ImGui::EndPopup();
                }

                if (!m_loadedCapturePath.empty())
                {
                    ImGui::Text("Viewing data loaded from %s", m_loadedCapturePath.c_str());
                }

                if (!m_captureMessage.empty())
                {
                    ImGui::Text("%s", m_captureMessage.c_str());
                }

                if (m_hostTreemap)
                {
                    ImGui::Checkbox("Show host memory treemap", &m_showHostTreemap);
                    ImGui::SameLine();
                    ImGui::Checkbox("Show device memory treemap", &m_showDeviceTreemap);

                    if (m_showHostTreemap)
                    {
                        m_hostTreemap->Render(20, 40, 800, 600);
                    }

                    if (m_showDeviceTreemap)
                    {
                        m_deviceTreemap->Render(40, 80, 800, 600);
                    }
                }

                if (ImGui::Checkbox("Show buffers", &m_includeBuffers)
                    || ImGui::Checkbox("Show images", &m_includeImages)
                    || ImGui::Checkbox("Show transient attachments", &m_includeTransientAttachments)
                    || ImGui::Checkbox("Hide empty pools", &m_hideEmptyBufferPools))
                {
                    UpdateTableRows(); 
                }

                ImGui::Text("Overall heap usage:");
                const float columnOffset = ImGui::GetWindowWidth() / m_savedHeaps.size();
                float currentX = columnOffset;
                for (const auto& savedHeap : m_savedHeaps)
                {
                    if (ImGui::BeginChild(savedHeap.m_name.GetCStr(), { ImGui::GetWindowWidth() / m_savedHeaps.size(), 250 }), ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar)
                    {
                        ImGui::Text("%s", savedHeap.m_name.GetCStr());
                        ImGui::Columns(2, "HeapData", true);

                        ImGui::Text("%s", "Used (MB): ");
                        ImGui::NextColumn();
                        ImGui::Text("%.2f", 1.0 * savedHeap.m_memoryUsage.m_usedResidentInBytes.load() / GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::MB);
                        ImGui::NextColumn();

                        ImGui::Text("%s", "Allocated (MB): ");
                        ImGui::NextColumn();
                        ImGui::Text("%.2f", 1.0 * savedHeap.m_memoryUsage.m_totalResidentInBytes.load() / GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::MB);
                        ImGui::NextColumn();

                        ImGui::Text("%s", "Budget (MB): ");
                        ImGui::NextColumn();
                        ImGui::Text("%.2f", 1.0 * savedHeap.m_memoryUsage.m_budgetInBytes / GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::MB);

                        ImGui::Columns(1, "PieChartColumn");
                        DrawPieChart(savedHeap);
                    }
                    ImGui::EndChild();
                    ImGui::SameLine(currentX);
                    currentX += columnOffset;
                }
                ImGui::NewLine();
                ImGui::Separator();

                m_nameFilter.Draw("Search");
                DrawTables();
            }
            ImGui::End();
        }

        void ImGuiGpuMemoryView::UpdateTreemaps()
        {
            if (!m_hostTreemap)
            {
                if (auto treemapFactory = Profiler::ImGuiTreemapFactory::Interface::Get())
                {
                    m_hostTreemap = &treemapFactory->Create(AZ::Name{ "Atom Host Memory Treemap" }, "MiB");
                    m_hostTreemap->AddMask("Hide Unused", 0);
                    m_deviceTreemap = &treemapFactory->Create(AZ::Name{ "Atom Device Memory Treemap" }, "MiB");
                    m_deviceTreemap->AddMask("Hide Unused", 0);
                }
            }

            if (m_hostTreemap)
            {
                using Profiler::TreemapNode;
                AZStd::vector<TreemapNode> hostNodes;
                AZStd::vector<TreemapNode> deviceNodes;

                for (auto& pool : m_savedPools)
                {
                    size_t hostBytes = pool.m_memoryUsage.GetHeapMemoryUsage(RHI::HeapMemoryLevel::Host).m_totalResidentInBytes;
                    size_t hostResidentBytes = pool.m_memoryUsage.GetHeapMemoryUsage(RHI::HeapMemoryLevel::Host).m_usedResidentInBytes;
                    size_t deviceBytes = pool.m_memoryUsage.GetHeapMemoryUsage(RHI::HeapMemoryLevel::Device).m_totalResidentInBytes;
                    size_t deviceResidentBytes = pool.m_memoryUsage.GetHeapMemoryUsage(RHI::HeapMemoryLevel::Device).m_usedResidentInBytes;

                    TreemapNode* poolNode = nullptr;

                    // Resource pools are each associated with either a device-local heap, or a host heap. Identify the association and
                    // add constiuent buffers and textures as sub-nodes in the corresponding treemap.
                    if (hostBytes > 0)
                    {
                        poolNode = &hostNodes.emplace_back();
                        poolNode->m_name = pool.m_name;
                    }
                    else if (deviceBytes > 0)
                    {
                        poolNode = &deviceNodes.emplace_back();
                        poolNode->m_name = pool.m_name;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    const AZ::Name unusedGroup{ "Unused" };
                    TreemapNode& unusedNode = poolNode->m_children.emplace_back();
                    unusedNode.m_name = "Unused";
                    unusedNode.m_group = unusedGroup;
                    if (hostBytes > 0)
                    {
                        unusedNode.m_weight = static_cast<float>(hostBytes - hostResidentBytes) / GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::MB;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        unusedNode.m_weight = static_cast<float>(deviceBytes - deviceResidentBytes) / GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::MB;
                    }
                    unusedNode.m_tag = 1;

                    if (pool.m_buffers.empty() && pool.m_images.empty())
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    const AZ::Name bufferGroup{ "Buffer" };
                    const AZ::Name textureGroup{ "Texture" };

                    for (auto& buffer : pool.m_buffers)
                    {
                        TreemapNode& child = poolNode->m_children.emplace_back();
                        child.m_name = buffer.m_name;
                        child.m_weight = static_cast<float>(buffer.m_sizeInBytes) / GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::MB;
                        child.m_group = bufferGroup;
                    }

                    for (auto& image : pool.m_images)
                    {
                        TreemapNode& child = poolNode->m_children.emplace_back();
                        child.m_name = image.m_name;
                        child.m_weight = static_cast<float>(image.m_sizeInBytes) / GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::MB;
                        child.m_group = textureGroup;
                    }
                }

                m_hostTreemap->SetRoots(AZStd::move(hostNodes));
                m_deviceTreemap->SetRoots(AZStd::move(deviceNodes));
            }
        }

        void ImGuiGpuMemoryView::SaveToJSON()
        {
            time_t ltime;
            time(&ltime);
            tm today;
#if AZ_TRAIT_USE_SECURE_CRT_FUNCTIONS
            localtime_s(&today, &ltime);
#else
            today = *localtime(&ltime);
#endif
            char sTemp[128];
            strftime(sTemp, sizeof(sTemp), "%Y%m%d.%H%M%S", &today);
            AZStd::string filename = AZStd::string::format("%s/GpuMemoryCapture_%s.json", m_memoryCapturePath.c_str(), sTemp);

            AZ::IO::SystemFile outputFile;
            if (!outputFile.Open(filename.c_str(), AZ::IO::SystemFile::SF_OPEN_CREATE | AZ::IO::SystemFile::SF_OPEN_WRITE_ONLY))
            {
                m_captureMessage = AZStd::string::format("Failed to open file %s for writing", filename.c_str());
                AZ_Error("ImGuiGpuMemoryView", false, m_captureMessage.c_str());
                return;
            }

            rapidjson::Document doc;

            AZ::RHI::RHIMemoryStatisticsInterface::Get()->WriteResourcePoolInfoToJson(m_savedPools, doc);

            rapidjson::StringBuffer jsonStringBuffer;
            rapidjson::PrettyWriter<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(jsonStringBuffer);
            doc.Accept(writer);

            outputFile.Write(jsonStringBuffer.GetString(), jsonStringBuffer.GetSize());
            outputFile.Close();

            m_captureMessage = AZStd::string::format("Wrote memory capture to %s", filename.c_str());
        }

        void ImGuiGpuMemoryView::LoadFromJSON(const AZStd::string& fileName)
        {
            m_loadedCapturePath.clear();

            auto serializeOutcome = JsonSerializationUtils::ReadJsonFile(fileName);

            if (!serializeOutcome.IsSuccess())
            {
                m_captureMessage = AZStd::string::format("Failed to load memory data from %s, error message = \"%s\"", 
                                                        fileName.c_str(), serializeOutcome.GetError().c_str());
                AZ_Error("ImGuiGpuMemoryView", false, m_captureMessage.c_str());
                return;
            }

            m_loadedCapturePath = fileName;
            rapidjson::Document& doc = serializeOutcome.GetValue();

            auto loadOutcome = AZ::RHI::RHIMemoryStatisticsInterface::Get()->LoadResourcePoolInfoFromJson(
                                                m_savedPools, m_savedHeaps, doc, fileName);
            if (!loadOutcome.IsSuccess())
            {
                m_captureMessage = loadOutcome.GetError();
                return;
            }

            // load from json here
            UpdateTableRows();
            UpdateTreemaps();
        }


        // C4702: Unreachable code
        // MSVC 2022 believes that `return true;` below is unreacahable, which is not true.
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable: 4702)
#endif
        template <typename T>
        bool parseCSVField(const AZStd::string& field, T& out)
        {
            if constexpr (AZStd::is_same_v<T, int>)
            {
                if (azsscanf(field.c_str(), "%i", &out) != 1)
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            else if constexpr (AZStd::is_same_v<T, uint32_t>)
            {
                if (azsscanf(field.c_str(), "%" PRIu32, &out) != 1)
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            else if constexpr (AZStd::is_same_v<T, uint64_t>)
            {
                if (azsscanf(field.c_str(), "%" PRIu64, &out) != 1)
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            else if constexpr (AZStd::is_same_v<T, AZ::Name>)
            {
                out = AZ::Name{ field.c_str() };
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                return false;
            }

            return true;
        }
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif
        static constexpr const char* MemoryCSVHeader =
            "Pool Name, Memory Type (0 == Host : 1 == Device), Allocation Name, Allocation Type (0 == Buffer : "
            "1 == Texture), Byte Size, Flags\n";
        static constexpr size_t MemoryCSVFieldCount = 6;

        void ImGuiGpuMemoryView::LoadFromCSV(const AZStd::string& fileName)
        {
            m_loadedCapturePath.clear();
            AZ::IO::SystemFile fileIn;

            if (!fileIn.Open(fileName.c_str(), AZ::IO::SystemFile::SF_OPEN_READ_ONLY))
            {
                return;
            }

            AZStd::string data;
            data.resize_no_construct(fileIn.Length());

            fileIn.Read(fileIn.Length(), data.data());

            AZStd::vector<AZStd::string> lines;
            AZ::StringFunc::Tokenize(data, lines, "\n");

            if (lines.empty())
            {
                m_captureMessage = AZStd::string::format("Attempted to load memory data from %s but file was empty", fileName.c_str());
                AZ_Error("ImGuiGpuMemoryView", false, m_captureMessage.c_str());
                return;
            }

            if (lines[0] + '\n' != MemoryCSVHeader)
            {
                m_captureMessage = AZStd::string::format(
                    "Attempted to load memory data from %s but the CSV header (%s) did not match", fileName.c_str(), MemoryCSVHeader);
                AZ_Error("ImGuiGpuMemoryView", false, m_captureMessage.c_str());
                return;
            }

            m_loadedCapturePath = fileName;
            m_savedHeaps.clear();
            m_savedHeaps.resize(2);
            m_savedHeaps[0].m_name = AZ::Name{ "Host Heap" };
            m_savedHeaps[0].m_heapMemoryType = RHI::HeapMemoryLevel::Host;
            m_savedHeaps[1].m_name = AZ::Name{ "Device Heap" };
            m_savedHeaps[1].m_heapMemoryType = RHI::HeapMemoryLevel::Device;

            m_savedPools.clear();
            AZStd::unordered_map<AZ::Name, AZ::RHI::MemoryStatistics::Pool> pools;

            AZStd::vector<AZStd::string> fields;
            fields.reserve(MemoryCSVFieldCount);

            for (size_t i = 1; i != lines.size(); ++i)
            {
                fields.clear();
                const AZStd::string& line = lines[i];
                AZ::Name poolName;
                int memoryType;
                AZ::Name resourceName;
                int resourceType;
                uint64_t byteSize;
                uint32_t bindFlags;

                AZ::StringFunc::Tokenize(line, fields, ",\n", true, true);

                if (fields.size() == MemoryCSVFieldCount && parseCSVField(fields[0], poolName) && parseCSVField(fields[1], memoryType) &&
                    parseCSVField(fields[2], resourceName) && parseCSVField(fields[3], resourceType) &&
                    parseCSVField(fields[4], byteSize) && parseCSVField(fields[5], bindFlags))
                {
                    RHI::MemoryStatistics::Pool* pool;

                    auto it = pools.find(poolName);
                    if (it == pools.end())
                    {
                        pool = &pools.try_emplace(poolName).first->second;
                        pool->m_name = AZStd::move(poolName);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        pool = &it->second;
                    }

                    if (memoryType != 0 && memoryType != 1)
                    {
                        // Unknown memory type
                        m_captureMessage = AZStd::string::format(
                            "Attempted to load memory data from %s but an unknown memory type was detected (indicating invalid file "
                            "format)",
                            fileName.c_str());
                        AZ_Error("ImGuiGpuMemoryView", false, m_captureMessage.c_str());
                        return;
                    }

                    if (resourceType == 0 /* buffer */)
                    {
                        RHI::MemoryStatistics::Buffer buffer;
                        buffer.m_name = AZStd::move(resourceName);
                        buffer.m_bindFlags = static_cast<RHI::BufferBindFlags>(bindFlags);
                        buffer.m_sizeInBytes = byteSize;
                        pool->m_buffers.push_back(AZStd::move(buffer));
                    }
                    else if (resourceType == 1 /* image */)
                    {
                        RHI::MemoryStatistics::Image image;
                        image.m_name = AZStd::move(resourceName);
                        image.m_bindFlags = static_cast<RHI::ImageBindFlags>(bindFlags);
                        image.m_sizeInBytes = byteSize;
                        pool->m_images.push_back(AZStd::move(image));
                    }

                    pool->m_memoryUsage.m_memoryUsagePerLevel[memoryType].m_usedResidentInBytes += byteSize;
                    pool->m_memoryUsage.m_memoryUsagePerLevel[memoryType].m_totalResidentInBytes += byteSize;

                    // NOTE: This information isn't strictly accurate because we're reconstructing data from a list of
                    // allocations.
                    m_savedHeaps[memoryType].m_memoryUsage.m_totalResidentInBytes += byteSize;
                    m_savedHeaps[memoryType].m_memoryUsage.m_usedResidentInBytes += byteSize;
                }
                else
                {
                    m_captureMessage = AZStd::string::format(
                        "Attempted to load memory data from %s but a parse error occurred (indicating invalid file "
                        "format)",
                        fileName.c_str());
                    AZ_Error("ImGuiGpuMemoryView", false, m_captureMessage.c_str());
                    return;
                }
            }

            for (auto& pool : pools)
            {
                m_savedPools.push_back(AZStd::move(pool.second));
            }

            UpdateTableRows();
            UpdateTreemaps();
        }

        // --- ImGuiGpuProfiler ---

        void ImGuiGpuProfiler::Draw(bool& draw, RHI::Ptr<RPI::ParentPass> rootPass)
        {
            // Update the PassEntry database.
            const PassEntry* rootPassEntryRef = CreatePassEntries(rootPass);

            bool wasDraw = draw;

            GpuProfilerImGuiHelper::Begin("Gpu Profiler", &draw, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize, [this, &rootPass]()
            {
                if (ImGui::Checkbox("Enable TimestampView", &m_drawTimestampView))
                {
                    rootPass->SetTimestampQueryEnabled(m_drawTimestampView);
                }
                ImGui::Spacing();
                if(ImGui::Checkbox("Enable PipelineStatisticsView", &m_drawPipelineStatisticsView))
                {
                    rootPass->SetPipelineStatisticsQueryEnabled(m_drawPipelineStatisticsView);
                }
                ImGui::Spacing();
                ImGui::Checkbox("Enable GpuMemoryView", &m_drawGpuMemoryView);
            });

            // Draw the PipelineStatistics window.
            m_timestampView.DrawTimestampWindow(m_drawTimestampView, rootPassEntryRef, m_passEntryDatabase, rootPass);

            // Draw the PipelineStatistics window.
            m_pipelineStatisticsView.DrawPipelineStatisticsWindow(m_drawPipelineStatisticsView, rootPassEntryRef, m_passEntryDatabase, rootPass);

            // Draw the GpuMemory window.
            m_gpuMemoryView.DrawGpuMemoryWindow(m_drawGpuMemoryView);

            //closing window
            if (wasDraw && !draw)
            {
                rootPass->SetTimestampQueryEnabled(false);
                rootPass->SetPipelineStatisticsQueryEnabled(false);
            }
        }

        void ImGuiGpuProfiler::InterpolatePassEntries(AZStd::unordered_map<Name, PassEntry>& passEntryDatabase, float weight) const
        {
            for (auto& entry : passEntryDatabase)
            {
                const auto oldEntryIt = m_passEntryDatabase.find(entry.second.m_path);
                if (oldEntryIt != m_passEntryDatabase.end())
                {
                    // Interpolate the timestamps.
                    const double interpolated = Lerp(static_cast<double>(oldEntryIt->second.m_interpolatedTimestampInNanoseconds),
                        static_cast<double>(entry.second.m_timestampResult.GetDurationInNanoseconds()),
                        static_cast<double>(weight));
                    entry.second.m_interpolatedTimestampInNanoseconds = static_cast<uint64_t>(interpolated);
                }
            }
        }

        PassEntry* ImGuiGpuProfiler::CreatePassEntries(RHI::Ptr<RPI::ParentPass> rootPass)
        {
            AZStd::unordered_map<Name, PassEntry> passEntryDatabase;
            const auto addPassEntry = [&passEntryDatabase](const RPI::Pass* pass, PassEntry* parent) -> PassEntry*
            {
                // If parent a nullptr, it's assumed to be the rootpass.
                if (parent == nullptr)
                {
                    return &passEntryDatabase[pass->GetPathName()];
                }
                else
                {
                    PassEntry entry(pass, parent);

                    // Set the time stamp in the database.
                    [[maybe_unused]] const auto passEntry = passEntryDatabase.find(entry.m_path);
                    AZ_Assert(passEntry == passEntryDatabase.end(), "There already is an entry with the name \"%s\".", entry.m_path.GetCStr());

                    // Set the entry in the map.
                    PassEntry& entryRef = passEntryDatabase[entry.m_path] = entry;
                    return &entryRef;
                }
            };

            // NOTE: Write it all out, can't have recursive functions for lambdas.
            const AZStd::function<void(const RPI::Pass*, PassEntry*)> getPassEntryRecursive = [&addPassEntry, &getPassEntryRecursive](const RPI::Pass* pass, PassEntry* parent) -> void
            {
                // Add new entry to the timestamp map.
                if (pass->IsEnabled())
                {
                    const RPI::ParentPass* passAsParent = pass->AsParent();
                    PassEntry* entry = addPassEntry(pass, parent);

                    // Recur if it's a parent.
                    if (passAsParent)
                    {
                        for (const auto& childPass : passAsParent->GetChildren())
                        {
                            getPassEntryRecursive(childPass.get(), entry);
                        }
                    }
                }
            };

            // Set up the root entry.
            PassEntry rootEntry(static_cast<RPI::Pass*>(rootPass.get()), nullptr);
            PassEntry& rootEntryRef = passEntryDatabase[rootPass->GetPathName()] = rootEntry;

            // Create an intermediate structure from the passes.
            // Recursively create the timestamp entries tree.
            getPassEntryRecursive(static_cast<RPI::Pass*>(rootPass.get()), nullptr);

            // Interpolate the old values.
            const float lerpWeight = 0.2f;
            InterpolatePassEntries(passEntryDatabase, lerpWeight);

            // Set the new database.
            m_passEntryDatabase = AZStd::move(passEntryDatabase);

            return &rootEntryRef;
        }
    } // namespace Render
} // namespace AZ